IBPS CLERKS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE EXPECTED MODEL QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following memory chip is programmed during the manufacturing process?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) PROM
4) EEPROM
5) None

2. Computer uses which of the following languages to process data?
1) High Level
2) Assembly
3) Binary
4) Hexa Decimal
5) Octal

3. Magnetic Disk medium uses ..... method for accessing data.
1) Direct
2) Serial
3) Sequential
4) Rotational
5) None

4. Which of the following is the India's first Super Computer?
1) Aakash
2) Sea Deep
3) First PC
4) PARAM 8000
5) Cray - 1

5. Parallelogram in a flowchart usually represents:
1) Input
2) Output
3) Process
4) Both 1 & 2
5) Decision

6. Registers are located in?
1) Memory
2) ALU
3) OS
4) CPU
5) None

7. ...... terminals are often connected to complex inventory and sales computer systems.
1) Data
2) Information
3) Credit Cards
4) Query
5) Point-of-Sale (POS)

8. Which of the following is true about Dial-up internet access?
1) It utilizes the existing telephone services
2) It uses a router for security
3) It utilizes the broadband technology
4) Modem speeds are very fast
5) All are Correnct

9. Icons, Windows, Menu and buttons are features of ?
1) DOS
2) GUI
3) Command Driven Interface
4) All the above
5) None

10. Which of the following is true about URL ?
1) It is a web browser
2) It is a messenger
3) It is a mail service
4) It is a global address of documents and other resources on World Wide Web
5) It is same as internet

IBPS CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs

1. Which of the following peripheral devices displays information to a user?
1) Monitor
2) Keyboard
3) Secondary Storage Devices
4) Secondary Storage Media
5) None

2. Bandwidth refers to
1) The cost of the cable required to implement a WAN
2) The cost of the cable required to implement a LAN
3) The amount of information a peer-to-peer network can store
4) The amount of information a communication medium can transfer in a given amount of time
5) None of these

3. A processor that collects the transmissions from several communication media and send them over a single line that operates at a higher capacity is called ........
1) Multiplexer
2) Bridge
3) Hub
4) Router
5) None of these

4. Which of the following is not a form of Biometrics?
1) Fingerprint
2) Password
3) Retina Scan
4) Breath Scan
5) None of these

5. Which of the following best defines a compiler?
1) Translates machine language into a high level language
2) Translates one statement at a time as the program executes
3) Translates two statements at a time as the program executes
4) Produces object code
5) is less sophisticated than an assembler

6. Which of the following is not a web browser?
1) Opera
2) Netscape
3) Microsoft Outlook
4) Internet Explorer
5) Safari

7. What is the cell content alignment by default in a Excel?
1) Left Aligned
2) Centrally Aligned
3) Text is left aligned and numbers are right aligned
4) Text is right aligned and numbers are left aligned
5) None of these

8. Which of the following device is used to transmit data over telecommunication lines?
1) Drive
2) Folder
3) Modem
4) Platforms
5) None of these

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs FOR BANK EXAMS

1. Pick the odd one out:
1) Interpreter
2) Operating System
3) Compiler
4) Assembler
5) None of these

2. When a particular object or an image is copied, in which of the following places it is stored?
1) Notice Board
2) Interim Board
3) Notepad
4) Clipboard
5) None of these

3. The Term 'BIT' is the short form for:
1) Mega Byte
2) Binary Language
3) Binary Digit
4) Binary Number
5) None of these

4. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a 1) Network
2) Super Computer
3) Micro Computer
4) Client
5) None of these

5. A bar which is seen at the bottom of the screen (usually) when the computer is turned on is known as:
1) Address Bar
2) Task Bar
3) Windows Bar
4) Line bar
5) None of these

6. Something which has easily understood instructions is said to be:
1) User friendly
2) Information
3) Word Processing
4) Icon
5) None of these

7. To save an existing file with a new name or to a new location, you should use the ..... command.
1) Save
2) Save and Replace
3) Save as
4) New file
5) None of these

8. Peripheral devices such as printers and monitors are considered to be:
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Data
4) Information
5) None of these

9. In a database, ....... fields store numbers used to perform calculations.
1) Next
2) Key
3) Alpha Numeric
4) Numeric
5) None of these

10. Where is data saved permanently?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) CPU
4) Printer
5) None of these

SBI ASSOCIATE BANKS CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MCQs

1. Internet Protocol Version 4, Consists of how many bits?
1) 16 bits
2) 8 bits
3) 30 bits
4) 32 bits
5) 64 bits

2. A computer virus is a software program which has the essential ability to-
1) Clone itself
2) Hide itself
3) Damage Program
4) Damage Data
5) None

3. Which of the following is the short cut for opening Task Manager?
1) Ctrl + Shift + Del
2) Alt + Shift + Del
3) Ctrl + Alt + Del
4) Alt + Windows + Del
5) None

4. A ....... is approximately equal to one billion bytes.
1) Kilobyte
2) Bit
3) Gigabyte
4) Megabyte
5) None

5. Which of the following operations is not performed by Computer?
1) Taking the input
2) Processing
3) Controlling
4) Understanding
5) None

6. ....... is a set of computer programs used on a computer to help perform tasks.
1) An instruction
2) Software
3) Memory
4) Processor
5) None

7. What is the capacity of a standard 3.5'' floppy disk?
1) 1.44 GB
2) 1.44 MB
3) 1.44 KB
4) 1.44 B
5) None

8. Which of the following Operating Systems does not have a Graphical User Interface?
1) UNIX
2) LINUX
3) Microsoft Windows
4) Mac OS
5) None

9. Which of the following shortcut keys is used to check spelling in Microsoft Word?
1) F1
2) F5
3) F4
4) F7
5) None

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is most essential for effective multimedia presentations incorporates user participation or ....
1) Links
2) Buttons
3) Interactivity
4) Integration
5) None

2. Most of the websites have moving graphics, which are called as:
1) animations
2) vectors
3) links
4) morphs
5) None

3. Which of the following is the term used to enlarge a window to its maximum area so that it fills the entire desktop?
1) Maximize
2) Zoom
3) Enlarge
4) Extend
5) None of these

4. Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac are widely used Operating systems in today's world. Which of the following feature makes them so popular?
1) Multitasking Capacity
2) Calligraphy
3) User-friendly GUI
4) Being Inexpensive
5) None of these

5. Physical components of a computer are called:
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Viruses
4) Internet
5) None of these

6. Which of the following is an object oriented feature:
1) Structured Programming
2) Multi-Tasking
3) Linking
4) Inheritance
5) None of these

7. In Windows XP, which of the following views is the best to see the file size and modified dates of all files in a folder.
1) List
2) Icon
3) Thumbnails
4) Details
5) None of these

8. Which of the following keys is used to remove a character on the right of the cursor
in a word document?
1) Home
2) End
3) Delete
4) Backspace
5) None of these

COMPUTER KNOELEDGE MCQ CAPSULES FOR ALL BANK EXAMS

1. Which of the following powerpoint view displays each slide of the presentation as a thumbnail and is useful for rearranging slides?
1) Slide show
2) Slide master
3) Slide sorter
4) Notes Page
5) Design Slide

2. A set of rules for telling the computer what operations to perform is / are called:
1) Structures
2) Procedural Language
3) Command Language
4) Natural Language
5) Programming Language

3. Devices that enter information and let you communicate with the computer are called:
1) Software
2) Hardware
3) Output Devices
4) Input / Output devices
5) Input Devices

4. The speed of which of the following memory chips is faster?
1) Not Fixed
2) DRAM
3) SRAM
4) For smaller chips SRAM is faster
5) For larger chips DRAM is faster

5. Mahesh Babu has his cute childhood photos in an album which might fade out in a couple of years, which he wants to show it to his fans by uploading it in his twitter account. Which of the following devices can he use to do that?
1) Keyboard
2) Mouse
3) Printer
4) Scanner
5) None of these

6. Which of the following is not a social networking site?
1) WAYN
2) Hi 5
3) Orkut
4) Yahoo
5) Facebook

7. In the URL https://twitter.com, what does 's' represent in 'https'?
1) Safe
2) System
3) Start-up
4) Semantic
5) Secured

SBI ASSOCIATE BANKS CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER AWARENESS MCQs

1. Which type of memory gets lost when you switch off?
1) ROM
2) RAM
3) CACHE
4) Dynamic
5) Static

2. Which type of network would use phone lines?
1) WAN
2) LAN
3) WWAN
4) Wireless
5) None of these

3. Speakers / Headphones are ____ devices.
1) Input
2) Input/ Output
3) Software
4) Storage
5) Output

4. A program for viewing web pages is called:
1) hardware
2) software
3) storage
4) browser
5) None of these

5. A computer cannot perform which of the following functions?
1) Addition
2) Subtraction
3) Bake a cake
4) Division
5) None of these

6. CD's or DVD's are ____ type of devices.
1) Input
2) Output
3) Software
4) Storage
5) Input/output

7. In the URL 'www.dbsdynamic.blogspot.in' what does the domain name extension '.in' represent?
1) International
2) internet
3) intra net
4) India
5) None of these

8. Free of cost repair of the software bug available in internet is called:
1) Version
2) Ad-on
3) Tutorial
4) FAR
5) Patch

9. Which of the following is READ only disc?
1) DVD-R
2) DVD-ROM
3) DVD-RW
4) CD-R
5) None of these

10. Which of the following is an/ are advantages of LAN?
1) Sharing peripherals
2) Backing up your data
3) Saving all your data
4) Accessing the web
5) Automatic printing of data

SBI ASSOCIATE BANKS CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER AWARENESS PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. What is e-commerce?
1) Buying and selling of international goods
2) Buying and selling of products and services over the internet
3) Buying and selling of products having to do with computers
4) Buying and selling of products and services not found in stores
5) Buying and selling of electronic goods

2. The term user Interface refers to :
1) What the user sees on the screen and how they can interact with it
2) How the operating system responds to the user commands
3) The means by which the user interacts with the peripheral devices on the  computer
4) All of these
5) None of these

3. Which of the following is not an input device?
1) Keyboard
2) Joystick
3) Monitor
4) Microphone

5) None of these

4. An error is also known as :
1) Debug
2) Bug
 3) Cursor
4) Icon
5) None of these

5. Archive is :
1) Back-up Storage
2) Forward Operation
3) Primary Storage
4) Name of famous processor
5) None of these

6. Which media has the ability to have data/information written on them by users more than once
1) CD-R disks
2) CD-RW disks
3) Zip disks
4) Opti disks
5) Both CD-RW and Zip disks

7. BCC in regard to emails, stands for :
1) Best Client Copy
2) Better Communication Copy
3) Best Computer Copy
4) Better Client Copy
5) None of these

COMPUTER AWARENESS PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Hackers ………………
(A) all have the same motive
(B) are people who maintain computers
(C) may legally break into computers as long as they do not do any damage
(D) break into other people's computers
Answer: break into other peoples computers

2. Unauthorised copying of software to be used for personal gain instead of for personal backups is called ………………
(A) program thievery
(B) data snatching
(C) software piracy
(D) program looting
Answer: software piracy

3. Junk e-mail is also called ………………
(A) spam
(B) spoof
(C) cookie crumbs
(D) sniffer script
Answer: spam

4. What is usually used for displaying information at public places ?
(A) Monitors
(B) Overhead Projections
(C) Monitors and Overhead Projections
(D) Touch Screen Kiosks
Answer: Overhead Projections

5. What is MP3 ?
(A) A Mouse
(B) A Printer
(C) A Sound Format
(D) A Scanner
Answer: A Sound Format

6. What is the most popular hardware for multimedia creations ?
(A) PCs
(B) Minicompiiters
(C) Mainframe Computers
(D) WANs
Answer: PCs

7. For sound recording, what is necessary ?
(A) Speaker
(B) Microphone
(C) Talker
(D) Mouse
Answer: Microphone

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. If you wish to extend the length of the network without having the signal degrade, you would use a ………………
(A) resonance
(B) router
(C) gateway
(D) repeater
Answer: repeater

2. A repair for a known software bug, usually available at no charge on the Internet, is called a ………………
(A) version
(B) patch
(C) tutorial
(D) FAQ
Answer: patch

3. URL stands for ………………
(A) Universal Research List
(B) Universal Resource List
(C) Uniform Resource Locator
(D) Uniform Research Locator
Answer: Uniform Resource Locator

4. When data changes in multiple lists and all lists are not updated, this causes ………………
(A) data redundancy
(B) information overload
(C) duplicate data
(D) data inconsistency
Answer: data inconsistency

5. What is a backup ?
(A) Restoring the information backup
(B) An exact copy of a system's information
(C) The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure
(D) All of these
Answer: An exact copy of a systems information

6. The Internet is ………………
(A) a large network of networks
(B) an internal communication system for a business
(C) a communication system for the Indian government
(D) a communication system for some states of India
Answer: a large network of networks

7. Computers that are portable and convenient for users who travel are known as ………………
(A) supercomputers
(B) planners
(C) minicomputers
(D) laptops
Answer: laptops

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs

1.What is the ultimate purpose of Defragmentation ?

1) Make the PC faster

2) Create More Free Space

3) Delete temporary files

4) Reduce Power consumption

5) All of the above

2.Computers process data into information by working exclusively with :

1) multimedia

2) words

3) characters

4) numbers

5) None of these

3.You must install a (n) ......... on a network if you want to share a broadband Internet connection

1) router

2) modem

3) node

4) cable

5) None of these

4.The purpose of the primary key in a database is to :

1) unlock the database

2) provide a map of the data

3) uniquely identify a record

4) establish constraints on database operations

5) None of these

5.The design of the network is called the network

1) architecture

2) server

3) transmission

4) type

5) None of these

6.The most frequently used instructions of a computer program are likely to be fetched from:

1) the hard disk

2) cache memory

3) RAM

4) registers

5) None of these

7.Personal logs or journal entries posted on the Web are known as :

1) listservs

2) Webcasts

3) blogs

4) subject directories

5) None of these

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGR PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR BANK EXAMS

1. Compiler is the
(a) name given to the computer operator
(b) part of the digital machine to store the information
(c) translator of source program to object
(d) part of arithmetic logic unit
(e) operator of Boolean Algebra
Ans (c)

2. Main memory is
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Read only Memory
(c) Serial Access Memory (d) None of these
Ans (a) 

3. Which of the following is the smallest and fastest computer imitating brain working?
(a) Supercomputer (b) Quantum Computer
(c) Param-10,000 (d) IBM chips
Ans (b) 

4. A compact disc (CD) is a data storage of the type
(a) Magnetic (b) Optical (c) Electrical (d) Electromechanical
Ans (a) 

5. Which of the following is not as language for computer programming?
(a) WINDOWS (b) PASCAL (c) BASIC
(d) COBOL (e) All of these
Ans (a) 

6. What are the two basic types of memory that your computer uses?
(a) RAM (b) RW/RAM (c) ROM (d) ERAM (e) POST
Ans (a)

7. The term gigabyte refers to(a) 1024 bytes (b) 1024 kilobytes (c) 1024 megabytes
(d) 1024 gigabytes (e) None of the above
Ans (c) 

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE

Generation of Computers
It is important to realize that major changes and trends in computer systems have occurred during the major  stages-or generations-of computing, and will continue into the future. The first generation of computers developed in the early 1950s, the second generation blossomed during the late 1960s, the third generation took computing into the 1970s, and the fourth generation has been the computer technology of the 1980s and 1990s. A fifth generation of computers that accelerates the trends of the previous generations is expected to evolve as we enter the 21st century. Notice that computers continue to become smaller, faster, more reliable, less costly to purchase and maintain, and more interconnected within computer networks.
First-generation computing involved massive computers using hundreds or thousands of vacuum tubes for their processing and memory circuitry. These large computers generated enormous amounts of heat; their vacuum tubes had to be replaced frequently. Thus, they had large electrical power, air conditioning, and maintenance requirements. First-generation computers had main memories of only a few thousand characters and millisecond processing speeds. They used magnetic drums or tape for secondary storage and punched cards or paper tape as input and output media.
Second-generation computing used transistors and other solid-state, semiconductor devices that were wired to circuit boards in the computers. Transistorized circuits were much smaller and much more reliable, generated little heat, were less expensive, and required less power than vacuum tubes. Tiny magnetic cores were used for the computer’s memory, or internal storage. Many second-generation computers had main memory capacities of less than 100 kilobytes and microsecond processing, speeds. Removable magnetic disk packs were introduced, and magnetic tape merged as the major input, output, and secondary storage medium for large computer installations.

IBPS Probationary Officers' Exam 2011

Computer Knowledge

(Exam Held On: 18-09-2011)

1. Computer uses the_________number system to store data and perform calculations.

(A) binary
(B) octal
(C) decimal
(D) hexadecimal
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

2. A disk's content that is recorded at the time of manufacture and that cannot be changed or erased by the user is_______________

(A) Memory-only
(B) Write-only
(C) Once-only
(D) Run-only
(E) Read-only
Ans : (E)

3. Which of the following can be used to select the entire document ?

(A) CTRL+A
(B) ALT+F5
(C) SHIFT+A
(D) CTRL+K
(E) CTRL+H
Ans : (A)

4___________are 'attempts by individuals to obtain confidential information from you by falsifying their identity.

(A) Phishing
(B) Computer viruses
(C) Spyware scams
(D) Viruses
(E) None of the above
Ans : (A)

5. Part number, part description, and number of parts ordered are examples of__________

(A) control
(B) output
(C) processing
(D) feedback
(E) input
Ans : (E)

6. A Web site's main page is called its______________

(A) Home Page
(B) Browser Page
(C) Search Page
(D) Bookmark
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

7. The simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors is_____________

(A) multiprogramming
(B) multitasking
(C) time-sharing
(D) multiprocessing
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

COMPUTER ABBREVIATIONS FOR BANK EXAMS

ACE	Access Control Entry
ADSL	Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AGP	Accelerated Graphics Port
AI	Artificial Intelligence
ALGOL	Algorithmic Language
ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit
ANSI	American National Standards Institute
API	Application Program Interface
APIPA	Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing
APT	Automatically Programmed Tooling
ARP	Address Resolution Protocol
ARPANET	Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASCII	American Standard Code For Information Interchange
ASF	Advanced Streaming Format
ASP	Active Server Pages
ATAPI	Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface
ATM	Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUI	Attachment Unit Interface
AVI	Audio Video Interleave
BASIC	Beginner`s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
BCD	Binary Coded Decimal
BDPS	Business Data Processing Systems
BHTML	Broadcast Hyper Text Markup Language
BIOS	Basic Input Output System
BIU	Bus Interface Unit
BMP	Bitmap
BPS	Bytes Per Seconds
C-DAC	Centre For Development Of Advanced Computing
CAD	Computer Aided Design
CADD	Computer Added Drafting And Design
CAI	Computer Aided Instructuion
CAM	Computer Aided Manufacturing
CAR	Control Address Register
CASE	Computer Aided Software Engineering
CCIS	Common Channel Interoffice Signaling
CCNA	Cisco Certified Network Associate
CD	Compact Disc
CD RW	Compact Disc ReWritable
CDMA	Code Division Multiple Access
CDROM	Compact Disc Read Only Memory
CFG	Control Flow Graph
CGI	Common Gateway Interface
CGM	Computer Graphics Metafile
CIDR	Classless InterDomain Routing
CIM	Computer Integrated Manufacture
CISC	Complex Instruction Set Computers
CIX	Commercial Internet Exchange
CLR	Common Language Runtime
CMOS	Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
CMS	Content Management System
CMYK	Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key (Black)
COBOL	Common Business Oriented Language
CORBA	Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPI	Clock Cycle Per Instruction
CPU	Central Processing Unit
CRC	Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM	Customer Relationship Management
CROM	Control Read Only Memory
CRT	Cathode Ray Tube
CUI	Character User Interface
DAC	Digital To Analog Converter
DAO	Data Access Objects
DARPANET	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
DBA	Data Base Administrator
DBMS	Data Base Management System
DCA	Defence Communication Agency
DCL	Data Control Language
DCOM	Distributed Component Object Model
DCP	Data Communication Processor
DDL	Data Definition Language
DDOS	Distributed Denial Of Service
DDP	Distributed Data Processing
DFD	Data Flow Diagram
DFS	Distributed File System
DHCP	Dynamic Host Control Protocol
DHTML	Dynamics Hyper Text Markup Language
DLC	Data Link Control
DLL	Dynamic Link Library
DMA	Direct Memory Access
DML	Data Manipulation Language
DMTF	Distributed Management Test Force
DNA	Distributed Internet Architecture
DNS	Domain Name System (Server)
DOM	Document Object Model
DOS	Disk Operating System, Denial Of Service
DPI	Dots Per Inch
DRAM	Dynamic Random Access Memory
DSL	Digital Subscriber Line
DSN	Digital Subscriber Network
DTD	Document Type Definition
DVD	Digital Versatile Disc
E	Electronic
EAROM	Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory
EBCDIC	Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EDC	Electronic Digital Computer
EDCDIC	Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EEPROM	Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EFS	Encrypted File System
EJB	Enterprise Java Beans
ENIAC	Electronics Numerical Integrator And Calculator
EPROM	Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EROM	Erasable Read Only Memory
ERP	Enterprise Resource Planning
EULA	End User License Agreement
FAT	File Allocation Table
FDD	Floppy Disk Drive
FDDI	Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDMA	Frequency Division Multiple Access
FIFO	First In First Out
FLOPS	Floating Point Operations Per Second
FO	Fiber Optics
FORTRAN	Formula Translation
FPS	Frames Per Second
FRAM	Ferro Electric Random Access Memory
FTP	File Transfer Protocol
GB	Giga Bytes
GIF	Graphic Interchange Format
GIGO	Garbage In Garbage Out
GML	General Markup Language
GPL	General Public License
GUI	Graphical User Interface
HDD	Hard Disk Drive
HFS	Hierarchical File System
HP	Hewlett Packard
HPC	High Performance Computing
HPFS	High Performance File System
HSR	Horizontal Scan Rate
HTML	Hyper Text Markup Language
HTTP	Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
IO	Input Output
IBM	International Business Machines
IC	Integrated Circuit
ICMP	Internet Control Message Protocol
ICS	Reduce Instruction Set Computer
ICT	Information And Communication Technology
IDE	Integrated Development Environment
IE	Internet Explorer
IGMP	Internet Group Management Protocol
IL	Intermediate Language
IOP	InputOutput Processor
IP	Internet Protocol
IPX	Internetworked Packet Exchange
IRAM	Integration Ram
IRC	Internet Relay Chat
IRDA	Infrared Data Association
IRQ	Interrupt Request
ISAPI	Internet Server Application Program Interface
ISDN	Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO	International Standard Organization
ISP	Internet Service Provider
ISR	Interrupt Service Routine
IT	Information Technology
ITPL	Information Technology Park Limited (India)
JCL	Job Control Language
JDBC	Java Data Base Connectivity
JHTML	Java Within Hyper Text Markup Language
JPEG	Joint Photographic Experts Group
JSP	Java Server Pages
KB	Kilo Bytes
KBPS	Kilo Bytes Per Second
L2TP	Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
LAN	Local Area Network
LCD	Liquid Crystal Display
LDAP	Light Weight Directory Access Control
LIFO	Last In First Out
LIPS	Logical Interfaces Per Second
LOC	Lines Of Code
LSI	Large Scale Integration
LSP	Layered Service Provider
MAC	Media Access Control
MAN	Metropolitan Area Network
MAU	MultiStation Access Unit
MB	Mega Bytes
MBONE	Multicast Backbone
MBPS	Mega Bytes Per Second
MBR	Master Boot Record
MCP	Microsoft Certified Professional
MCS	Multicast Server
MDI	Multiple Document Interface
MDS	Microcomputer Development System
MFC	Microsoft Foundation Classes
MFT	Master File Table
MG	Mega Bytes
MICR	MagneticInk Characters Reader
MIDI	Musical Instrument Digital Interface
MIMD	Multiple Instruction Multiple Data
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MIPS	Millions Of Instructions Per Second
MISD	Multiple Instruction Single Data
MODEM	Modulator And Demodulator
MP3	Motion Pictures Experts Group Layer 3
MPEG	Motion Pictures Experts Group
MS	Microsoft
MSDN	Microsoft Developer Network
MSIIS	Microsoft Internet Information Server
MSIL	Microsoft Intermediate Language
MSMQ	Microsoft Message Queue
MSN	Microsoft Network
MSRAP	Microsoft Remote Administration Protocol
MSRPC	Microsoft Remote Procedure Call
MTS	Microsoft Transaction Server
MTU	Maximum Transmission Unit
MUDS	MultiUser Dungeons
NAS	Network Attached Storage
NASSCOM	National Association Of Software & Service Companies
NCP	Network Control Protocol
NDIS	Network Driver Interface Specification
NDRO	Nondestructive Read Out
NETBEUI	Netbios Enhanced User Interface
NIC	National Informatics Centre,
NIIT	National Institute Of Information Technology
NNTP	Network News Transfer Protocol
NSFNET	National Science Foundation Network
NTFS	New Technology File System
NTP	Network Time Protocol
OCR	Optical Character Readers
ODBC	Open Data Base Connectivity
OLE	Object Linking And Embedding
OMR	Optical Mark Reader
ONE	Open Network Architecture
OOA	Object Orient Analysis
OOAD	Object Oriented Analysis And Design
OOP	Object Oriented Programming
OOPS	Object Oriented Programming System
OPEN GL	Open Graphics Library
OS	Operating System
OSI	Open System Interconnection
PC	Personal Computer
PCI	Peripheral Component Interconnect
PCMCIA	Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
PDA	Personal Digital Assistant
PDF	Portable Document Format
PDL	Page Description Language
PDU	Protocol Data Unit
PIC	Programming Interrupt Control
PILOT	Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching
PLA	Programmable Logic Array
PLC	Programmable Logic Controller
PNG	Portable Network Graphics
PNP	Plug And Play
PPP	Peer To Peer Protocol
PPTP	Point To Point Tunneling Protocol
PROM	Programmable Read Only Memory
PS	Post Script
RADSL	RateAdaptive Digital Subscribes Line
RAID	Redundant Array Of Independent Disks
RAM	Random Access Memory
RAMDAC	Random Access Memory Digital To Analog Converter
RAS	Remote Access Network
RD RAM	Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory
RDBMS	Relational Data Base Management System
RDO	Remote Data Objects
RDP	Remote Desktop Protocol
RFC	Request For Comments
RGB	Red Green Blue
RICS	Reduced Instruction Set Computer
RIP	Raster Image Processor
RISC	Reduced Instruction Set Computer
ROM	Read Only Memory
RPC	Remote Procedure Call
RTC	Real Time Clock
RTF	Rich Text Format
RTOS	Real Time Operating System
SACK	Selective Acknowledgements
SAM	Security Access Manager
SAP	Service Access Point, Systems Applications Products
SCMP	Software Configuration Management Plan
SD RAM	Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDD	Software Design Description
SDK	Software Development Kit
SDL	Storage Definition Language
SDN	Integrated Service Digital Network
SDRAM	Static Dynamic Random Access Memory
SDSL	Symmetric Digital Subscribes Line
SG RAM	Synchronous Graphics Random Access Memory
SGML	Standard Generalized Markup Language
SIM	Subscriber Identification Module
SIMD	Single Instruction Multiple Data
SISD	Single Instruction Single Data
SIU	Serial Interface Unit
SMP	Symmetric MultiProcess
SMS	Short Message Service
SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNA	System Network Architecture
SNAP	Sub Network Access Protocol
SNMP	Simple Network Management Protocol
SNOBOL	String Oriented Symbolic Language
SOAP	Simple Object Access Protocol
SPX	Sequenced Packet Exchange
SQA	Statistical Quality Assurance
SQL	Structured Query Language
SRAM	Static Random Access Memory
SRS	Software Requirements Specification
STP	Shielded Twisted Pair
SVVP	Software Verification And Validation Plan
SW	Software
TAPI	Telephony Application Program Interface
TB	Tera Bytes
TCP	Transmission Control Protocol
TCPIP	Transmission Control Protocol  Internet Protocol
TDI	Transport Data Interface
TDMA	Time Division Multiple Access
TPM	Transactions Processing Monitor
TSR	Terminate And Stay Residents
UDD	User Datagram Protocol
UDP	User Datagram Protocol
UI	User Interface
UML	Unified Modelling Language
UNC	Universal Naming Convention
UNIX	Uniplexed Information And Computer Systems
URL	Universal Resource Locator
USB	Universal Serial Bus
USRT	Universal Synchronous Receiver Transmitted
UTP	Unshielded Twisted Pair
VAN	Virtual Area Network
VAST	Very Small Aperture Terminal
VB	Visual Basic
VC++	Visual C++
VCD	Video Compact Disc
VDL	View Definition Language
VGA	Video Graphics Array
VHS	Video Home System
VLIW	Very Long Instruction Words
VLSI	Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits
VPN	Virtual Private Network
VRAM	Video Random Access Memory
VRML	Virtual Reality Modelling Language
VS	Visual Studio
VSNL	Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited
VVR	Software Validation And Validation Report
VXD	Virtual Device Driver
W3C	World Wide Web Consortium
WAIS	Wide Area Information Servers
WAN	Wide Area Network
WAP	Wireless Application Protocol
WBEM	WebBase Enterprise Management
WDM	Wave Division Multiplexing
WHQL	Windows Hardware Quality Lab
WINDOWS ME	Windows Millennium Edition
WINDOWS NT	Windows New Technology
WINDOWS XP	Windows Experienced
WINS	Windows Internet Name Service
WMI	Windows Management Instrumentation
WML	Wireless Markup Language
WORM	Write Once Read Many
WSH	Windows Script Host
WWW	World Wide Web
WYSIWYG	What You See Is What You Get
XHTML	Extensible Hyper Text Markup Language
XML	Extensible Markup Language
XSL	Extensible Style Sheet Langauge

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Hackers ………………
(A) all have the same motive
(B) are people who maintain computers
(C) may legally break into computers as long as they do not do any damage
(D) break into other people's computers
Answer: break into other peoples computers

2. Unauthorised copying of software to be used for personal gain instead of for personal backups is called ………………
(A) program thievery
(B) data snatching
(C) software piracy
(D) program looting
Answer: software piracy

3. Junk e-mail is also called ………………
(A) spam
(B) spoof
(C) cookie crumbs
(D) sniffer script
Answer: spam

4. What is usually used for displaying information at public places ?
(A) Monitors
(B) Overhead Projections
(C) Monitors and Overhead Projections
(D) Touch Screen Kiosks
Answer: Overhead Projections

5. What is MP3 ?
(A) A Mouse
(B) A Printer
(C) A Sound Format
(D) A Scanner
Answer: A Sound Format

6. What is the most popular hardware for multimedia creations ?
(A) PCs
(B) Minicompiiters
(C) Mainframe Computers
(D) WANs
Answer: PCs

7. For sound recording, what is necessary ?
(A) Speaker
(B) Microphone
(C) Talker
(D) Mouse
Answer: Microphone

8. The life-span of a CD-ROM is………………
(A) approximately one year
(B) approximately two years
(C) approximately five years
(D) approximately twenty-five years
Answer: approximately five years

9. The ……………… settings are automatic and standard.
(A) default
(B) CPU
(C) peripheral
(D) user frien9ly
Answer: default

10. What are the two parts of an E-mail address ?
(A) User name and street address
(B) Legal name and phone number
(C) User name and domain name
(D) Initials and password
Answer: User name and domain name

11. Participants can see and hear each other in a/an ………………
(A) electronic mail system
(B) message system
(C) tele-conference
(D) bulletin board
Answer: tele-conference

12. Magnetic tape is not practical for applications where data must be quickly recalled because tape is ………………
(A) a random-access medium
(B) expensive
(C) a read-only medium
(D) a sequential-access medium
Answer: a sequential-access medium

13. Why should you delete unknown e-mail attachments ?
(A) You could go to jail
(B) The person could track you down and hurt you
(C) It is bad manners
(D) It might contain a virus that could hurt your computer
Answer: It might contain a virus that could hurt your computer

14. How is it possible that both programs and data can be stored on the same floppy disk ?
(A) A floppy disk has two sides, one for data and one for programs
(B) A floppy disk has to be formatted for one or for the other
(C) Programs and data are both software, and both can be stored on any memory device
(D) Floppy disks can only store data, not programs
Answer: Programs and data are both software, and both can be stored on any memory device

15. What is an embedded system ?
(A) A program that comes wrapped in a box
(B) A program that is permanently part of a computer
(C) A computer that is part of a larger computer
(D) A computer and software system that controls a machine or appliance
Answer: A computer and software system that controls a machine or appliance

16. Which of the following will you require to hear music on your computer ?
(A) Video Card
(B) Tape Recorder
(C) Mouse
(D) Sound Card
Answer: Sound Card

17. The signal that a computer is waiting for a command from the user is ………………
(A) prompt
(B) event
(C) time slice
(D) interrupt
Answer: prompt

18. This software allows the user to move from page to page on the Web by clicking on or selecting a hyperlink, or by typing in the address of the destination page ………………
(A) Web browser
(B) Web search engine
(C) Web homepage
(D) Web service
Answer: Web browser

19. For viewing video CDs, you would use………………
(A) CD Player
(B) Windows Media Player
(C) Windows Video Player
(D) Windows Movie Player
Answer: Windows Media Player

20. Executing more than one program concurrently by one user on one computer is known as ………………
(A) multi-programming
(B) multi-processing
(C) time-sharing
(D) multi-tasking
Answer: multi-tasking

21. Which of the following controls the manner of interaction between the user and the operating system ?
(A) language translator
(B) platform
(C) user interface
(D) icon
Answer: user interface

22. You can keep your personal flies / folders in ………………
(A) My Folder
(B) My Documents
(C) My Files
(D) My Text
Answer: My Documents

23. Three types of compact disks include CD-ROM, CD-R, and ………………
(A) CD-W
(B) CD-RAM
(C) CD-DVD
(D) CD-RW
Answer: CD-RW

24. All computers must have ………………
(A) Word processing software
(B) An operating system
(C) A printer attached
(D) A virus checking program
Answer: An operating system

25. Collecting personal information and effectively posing as another individual is known as the crime of ………………
(A) spooling
(B) spoofing
(C) hacking
(D) identity theft
Answer: identity theft

Indian Overseas Bank Probationary Officers’ Exam., 2011

Computer Knowledge
(Held on May 2011)

1. If you wish to extend the length of the network without having the signal degrade, you would use a ………………
(A) resonance
(B) router
(C) gateway
(D) switch
(E) repeater
Ans : (E)

2. A repair for a known software bug, usually available at no charge on the Internet, is called a ………………
(A) version
(B) patch
(C) tutorial
(D) FAQ
(E) rectifier
Ans : (B)

3. URL stands for ………………
(A) Universal Research List
(B) Universal Resource List
(C) Uniform Research List
(D) Uniform Research Locator
(E) Uniform Resource Locator
Ans : (E)

4. When data changes in multiple lists and all lists are not updated, this causes ………………
(A) data redundancy
(B) information overload
(C) duplicate data
(D) data inconsistency
(E) data repetition
Ans : (D)

5. What is a backup ?
(A) Restoring the information backup
(B) An exact copy of a system's information
(C) The ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or failure
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

6. The Internet is ………………
(A) a large network of networks
(B) an internal communication system for a business
(C) a communication system for the Indian government
(D) a communication system for some states of India
(E) a communication system for some cities of India
Ans : (A)

7. Computers that are portable and convenient for users who travel are known as ………………
(A) supercomputers
(B) planners
(C) minicomputers
(D) file servers
(E) laptops
Ans : (E)


8. What is the storage area for e-mail messages called ?
(A) A folder
(B) A mailbox
(C) A directory
(D) The hard disk
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

9. One advantage of dial-up Internet access is
(A) it utilises broadband technology
(B) it is Indian
(C) it uses a router for security
(D) modem speeds are very fast
(E) it utilises existing telephone service
Ans : (E)

10. What is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk called ?
(A) configuration
(B) download
(C) storage
(D) upload
(E) installation
Ans : (E)

11. Which process checks to ensure that the components of the computer are operating and connected properly ?
(A) Booting
(B) Processing
(C) Saving
(D) Editing
(E) Starting
Ans : (A)

12. A means of capturing an image (drawing or photo) so that it can be stored on a computer is………………
(A) Modem
(B) Software
(C) Scanner
(D) Keyboard
(E) Mouse
Ans : (C)

13. An error in a computer program………………
(A) Crash
(B) Power Failure
(C) Bug
(D) Virus
(E) Fatal error
Ans : (C)

14. Access-control based on a person's fingerprints is .an example of………………
(A) biometric identification
(B) characteristic identification
(C) characteristic security
(D) fingerprint security
(E) logistics
Ans : (A)

15. The patterns of printed lines on most products are called………………
(A) prices
(B) striping
(C) scanners
(D) OCR
(E) barcodes
Ans : (E)

16. Most mail programs automatically complete the following two parts in an e-mail ………………
(A) From: and Body :
(B) From: and Date :
(C) From: and To :
(D) From: and Subject :
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

17. The computer's capability of distinguishing spoken words is called ………………
(A) voice analysis
(B) speech acknowledgement
(C) voice recognition
(D) speech interpretation
(E) vocalisation
Ans : (C)

18. Which of the following is an advantage of mounting an application on the Web ?
(A) The possibility of 24-houraccess for users
(B) Creating a system that can extend globally
(C) Standardising the design of the interface
(D) All of these
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

19. The first page of a Website is called the ………………
(A) Homepage
(B) Index
(C) Java Script
(D) Bookmark
(E) Intro Page
Ans : (A)

20. ERP is an acronym for ………………
(A) Enterprise Retirement Planning
(B) Enterprise Relationship Planning
(C) Enterprise Resource' Planning
(D) Enterprise Reorder Planning
(E) Enterprise Retention Planning
Ans : (C)

21. The software that allows users to surf the Internet is called a/an ………………
(A) Search Engine
(B) Internet Service Provider (ISP)
(C) Multimedia Application
(D) Browser
(E) Internet Surfing Provider
Ans : (D)

22. The issues that deal with the collection and use of data about individuals is ………………
(A) access
(B) publicity
(C) accuracy
(D) property
(E) privacy
Ans : (E)

23. A term related to sending data to a satellite is ………………
(A) downlink
(B) modulate
(C) demodulate
(D) uplink
(E) interrelate
Ans : (D)

24. Online documents containing underlined phrases or icons that a user can click in order to move immediately to related parts of the current document or to other documents with related information is called ………………
(A) hypermedia
(B) hypertext
(C) HTML
(D) URL
(E) FTP
Ans : (B)

25. Physical security is concerned with protecting computer hardware from human tampering and natural disasters and ………………security is concerned with protecting software from unauthorized tampering or damage.
(A) data
(B) cyber
(C) Internet
(D) metaphysical
(E) publicity
Ans : (A)

26. Hackers ………………
(A) all have the same motive
(B) are people who maintain computers
(C) may legally break into computers as long as they do not do any damage
(D) are people who are allergic to computers
(E) break into other people's computers
Ans : (E)

27. Unauthorised copying of software to be used for personal gain instead of for personal backups is called ………………
(A) program thievery
(B) data snatching
(C) software piracy
(D) program looting
(E) data looting
Ans : (C)

28. Junk e-mail is also called ………………
(A) spam
(B) spoof
(C) cookie crumbs
(D) sniffer script
(E) spill
Ans : (A)

29. What is usually used for displaying information at public places ?
(A) Monitors
(B) Overhead Projections
(C) Monitors and Overhead Projections
(D) Touch Screen Kiosks
(E) Loud Speakers
Ans : (B)

30. What is MP3 ?
(A) A Mouse
(B) A Printer
(C) A Sound Format
(D) A Scanner
(E) A Mobile Phone
Ans : (C)

31. What is the most popular hardware for multimedia creations ?
(A) PCs
(B) Minicompiiters
(C) Mainframe Computers
(D) WANs
(E) Super Computers
Ans : (A)

32. For sound recording, what is necessary ?
(A) Speaker
(B) Microphone
(C) Talker
(D) Mouse
(E) Telephone
Ans : (B)

33. The life-span of a CD-ROM is………………
(A) approximately one year
(B) approximately two years
(C) approximately five years
(D) approximately twenty-five years
(E) almost unlimited
Ans : (C)

34. The ……………… settings are automatic and standard.
(A) default
(B) CPU
(C) peripheral
(D) user frien9ly
(E) defaulter
Ans : (A)

35. What are the two parts of an E-mail address ?
(A) User name and street address
(B) Legal name and phone number
(C) User name and domain name
(D) Initials and password
(E) User name and Recipient name
Ans : (C)

36. Participants can see and hear each other in a/an ………………
(A) electronic mail system
(B) message system
(C) tele-conference
(D) bulletin board
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

37. Magnetic tape is not practical for applications where data must be quickly recalled because tape is ………………
(A) a random-access medium
(B) expensive
(C) a read-only medium
(D) fragile and easily damaged
(E) a sequential-access medium
Ans : (E)

38. Why should you delete unknown e-mail attachments ?
(A) You could go to jail
(B) The person could track you down and hurt you
(C) It is bad manners
(D) It might contain a virus that could hurt your computer
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

39. How is it possible that both programs and data can be stored on the same floppy disk ?
(A) A floppy disk has two sides, one for data and one for programs
(B) A floppy disk has to be formatted for one or for the other
(C) Programs and data are both software, and both can be stored on any memory device
(D) Floppy disks can only store data, not programs
(E) Floppy disks are better than CDs
Ans : (C)

40. What is an embedded system ?
(A) A program that comes wrapped in a box
(B) A program that is permanently part of a computer
(C) A computer that is part of a larger computer
(D) A computer and software system that controls a machine or appliance
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

41. Which of the following will you require to hear music on your computer ?
(A) Video Card
(B) Tape Recorder
(C) Mouse
(D) Joy Stick
(E) Sound Card
Ans : (E)

42. The signal that a computer is waiting for a command from the user is ………………
(A) prompt
(B) event
(C) time slice
(D) interrupt
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

43. This software allows the user to move from page to page on the Web by clicking on or selecting a hyperlink, or by typing in the address of the destination page ………………
(A) Web browser
(B) Web search engine
(C) Web homepage
(D) Web service
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

44. For viewing video CDs, you would use………………
(A) CD Player
(B) Windows Media Player
(C) Windows Video Player
(D) Windows Movie Player
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

45. Executing more than one program concurrently by one user on one computer is known as ………………
(A) multi-programming
(B) multi-processing
(C) time-sharing
(D) multi-tasking
(E) multi-action
Ans : (D)

46. Which of the following controls the manner of interaction between the user and the operating system ?
(A) language translator
(B) platform
(C) user interface
(D) icon
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

47. You can keep your personal flies / folders in ………………
(A) My Folder
(B) My Documents
(C) My Files
(D) My Text
(E) My Collection
Ans : (B)

48. Three types of compact disks include CD-ROM, CD-R, and ………………
(A) CD-W
(B) CD-RAM
(C) CD-DVD
(D) CD-RW
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

49. All computers must have ………………
(A) Word processing software
(B) An operating system
(C) A printer attached
(D) A virus checking program
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

50. Collecting personal information and effectively posing as another individual is known as the crime of ………………
(A) spooling
(B) spoofing
(C) hacking
(D) identity theft
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)
 

Computer Terms

Application Files- Program files environment where you can create and edit the kind of document that application makes

Bug- a fault in a computer program which prevents it from working correctly

Central Processor Unit (CPU) - This is where the entire computer's data processing is handled - all the data manipulation, calculations and formatting data for output.

Click- To select an object by pressing the mouse button when the cursor is pointing to the required menu option, icon or hypertext link

Close - To close a window that has been opened for viewing and / or editing

Computer- A general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently

Cookie- A packet of information that travels between a browser and the web server

CPU- An acronym for Central Processing Unit and is often used to refer to a computer system, such as "That beige box sitting next to my 24" flat screen monitor is my new CPU

Crash- Your computer or application no longer works correctly and so you "loose" all the work you've done since the last time you saved

Creating A File- Storing data as a file with an assigned file name that is unique within the directory it resides in

Delete- To remove an item of data from a file or to remove a file from the disk

Desktop- An on-screen representation of a desktop such as used in the Macintosh and Windows operating systems

Dialog Boxes- Takes over your screen and allows you to ‘dialog' with the computer

Directory (AKA Folder, sub-directory)- Allows you to organize files and other folders

Disk Space- This is the place where your files live. The greater the disk space the more files you can keep. More disk space is always better than less. You can never have much disk space.

Document Files- Files we care about (memos, letters, pictures, etc.

Documents- Files you create and edit

Double Click- To press the mouse button twice in rapid succession without moving the mouse between clicks

Drag- To move an object on screen in which its complete movement is visible from starting location to destination

Edit- To make a change to existing data

File Cabinet- Metaphorically, the hard drive (and other kinds of storage media like floppy disks) which store files and folders

Folder Icons- Collections of documents and other folders

Google­- search engine on the web

Hotmail- free email service, now part of MSN

Icon View- Allows you to see icons of folders and files primarily as icons with little information

Icons- In a graphical user interface (GUI), a small, pictorial, on screen representation of an object, such as a document, program, folder or disk drive.

Keyboard- This if the primary text input device. It also contains certain standard function keys, such as the Escape key, tab, and arrow keys, shift and control keys, and sometimes other manufacturer-customized keys.

Macintosh- Macintosh, Mac - a personal computer from Apple Computer

Mouse- Pointing device that allows you to tell the computer what to do

Mozilla- a web browser and successor to Netscape Communicator

Operating System (OS) - System software that allows your computer to work

Pentium- Microprocessor from Intel

Random Access Memory (RAM) - This stands for Random Access Memory. You can think of this as the "space" where you computer does its processing. The more space you have the more processes you can run at the same time. More RAM is always better than less. You can never have much RAM.

Recycle Bin- Place where you put files and folders that you may later want to delete or get rid of. Compare Trash

Resize Box- Allows you to change the size and shape of a window

Right click- To press the right button on the mouse. (This is Windows specific. On a Mac running System 8 or higher, you hold down the Control key and then click to get the same effect.)

Save As­­- Give the file a name and/or store the file in a certain place

Save- Tell the computer to create a file on disk that has the information you've put into the document (usually typing)

Scroll bar- Allows you to move around through your document

Shut down- To quit all applications and turn off the computer

Software- Instructions that tell the computer what to do

Spam- unwanted repetitious messages, such as unsolicited bulk e-mail

System files- Allows our computer to work

Tags: computer terms for PO exam 2012, computer terms for bank exams, probationary exam computer terms 2012

Trash- Place where you put files and folders that you want to delete or get rid of

Trojan Horse- a malicious program that is disguised as legitimate software. The term is derived from the classical myth of the Trojan Horse. Analogously, a Trojan horse appears innocuous (or even to be a gift), but in fact is a vehicle for bypassing security

Unix- an operating system

Virus- a piece of program code that spreads by making copies of itself

Volume Icons- Devices that hold files and folders

Wiki or WikiWiki- a hypertext document collection or the collaborative software used to create it