COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE

IBPS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2012-01-01T12:14:00.002+05:30

1. One megabyte equals approximately
1) 1,000 bits
2) 1,000 bytes
3) 1 million bytes
4) 1 million bits
5) 2,000 bytes
2. Data going into the computer is called?
1) Output
2) Algorithm
3) Input
4) Calculations
5) Flowchart
3. Which of the following refers to the memory in your computer?
1) RAM
2) DSL
3) USB
4) LAN
5) CPU
4. When you are working on a document on PC, where is the document temporarily stored?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) The CPU
4) Flash memory
5) The CD-Rom
5. Information travels between components on the mother board through-
1) Flash memory
2) CMOS
3)Bays
4) Buses
5) Peripherals
6. How are data organised in a spreadsheet?
1) Lines and spaces
2) Layers and planes
3) Height and width
4) Rows and columns
5) None of these
7. Which of the following is true?
1) Byte is a single digit in a binary number
2) Bit represents a grouping of digital numbers
3) Eight-digit binary number is called a byte
4) Eight-digit binary number is called a bit
5) None of these
8. Transformation of input into output is performed by?
1) Peripherals
2) Memory
3) Storage
4) The Input-Output unit
5) The CPU
9. How many options does a binary choice offer?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) It depends on the amount of memory in the computer
5) It depends on the speed of the computer's processor
10. .....is collection of web pages and ......is the very first page that we see on opening of a web-site
1) Home-page, Web-page
2) Web-site, Home-page
3) Web-page, Home-page
4) Web-page, Web-site
5) None of these
11. When the pointer is positioned on a _____ it is shaped like a hand.
1) Grammar error
2) Hyperlink
3) Screen tip
4) Spelling error
5) Formatting error
12. The _____ of a system includes the programs or instructions.
1) Hardware
2) Icon
3) Information
4) Software
5) None of these
13. 'www' stands for _____
1) World Word Web
2) World Wide Web
3) World White Web
4) World Work Web
5) None of these
14. What menu is selected to cut, copy, and paste?
1) File
2) Tools
3) Special
4) Edit
5) None
15. You can use the tab key to
1) Move a cursor across the screen
2) Indent a paragraph
3) Move the cursor down the screen
4) Only (1) and (2)
5) None of these
16. The most important or powerful computer in a typical network is _____
1) Desktop
2) Network client
3) Network server
4) Network station
5) None of these
17. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?
1) Internet
2) Floppy disk
3) Power cord
4) Data
5) None of these
18. The ability to find an individual item in a file immediately _____ is used.
1) File allocation table
2) Directory
3) Sequential access
4) Direct access
5) None of these
19. The primary purpose of software is to turn data into _____
1) Web sites
2) Information
3) Programs
4) Objects
5) None of these
20. To what temporary area can you store text and other data, and later paste them to another location?
1) The clipboard
2) ROM
3) CD-ROM
4) The hard disk
5) None of these
21. Storage that retains its data after the power is tuned off is referred to as
1) volatile storage
2) non-volatile storage
3) sequential storage
4) direct storage
5) None of these
22. _____is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do.
1) Nano science
2) Nanotechnology
3) Simulation
4) Artificial intelligence (AI)
5) None of these
23. Changing an existing document is called _____ the document.
1) Creating
2) Editing
3) Modifying
4) Adjusting
5) None of these
24. Computers use the _____ number system to store data and perform calculations.
1) Decimal
2) Hexadecimal
3) Octal
4) Binary
5) None of these
25. Which of the following is the largest unit of storage?
1) GB
2) KB
3) MB
4) TB
5) None of these
26. The _____ key will launch the start buttons.
1) Esc
2) Shift
3) Windows
4) Shortcut
5) None of these
27. _____is the process of finding errors in software code.
1) Compiling
2) Testing
3) Running
4) Debugging
5) None of these
28. To move to the beginning of a line of text, press the _____ key.
1) Home
2) A
3) Page-up
4) Enter
5) None of these
29. Virtual memory is
1) Memory on the hard disk that the CPU uses as an extended RAM
2) RAM
3) Only necessary if you do not have any RAM in your computer
4) A back up device for floppy disks
5) None of these
30. A _____ contains specific rules and words that express the logical steps of an algorithm.
1) Syntax
2) Programming structure
3) Programming language
4) Logic chart
5) None of these
31. When sending an e-mail, the _____ line describes the contents of the message.
1) to
2) subject
3) contents
4) CC
5) None of these
32. The _____ tells the computer how to use its components.
1) Utility
2) Network
3) Operating system
4) Application program
5) None of these
33. Which grouping do you work with when formatting text in word?
1) Tables, paragraphs and indexes
2) Paragraphs, indexes and sections
3) Characters, sections and paragraphs
4) Indexes, characters and tables
5) None of these
34. What is backup?
1) Adding more components to your network
2) Protecting data by copying it from the original source to a different destination
3) Filtering old data from the new data
4) Accessing data on tape
5) None of these
35. Network components are connected to the same cable in the _____ topology.
1) Star
2) Ring
3) Bus
4) Mesh
5) Mixed
36. This component is required to process data into information and consists of integrated circuits.
1) Hard disk
2) RAM
3) CPU
4) ROM
5) None of these
37. One advantage of dial-up-internet access is ___
1) It utilises broadband technology
2) It utilizes existing telephone service
3) It uses a router for security
4) Modem speeds are very fast
5) None of these
38. What is the term for unsolicited e-mail?
1) News group
2) Use net
3) Backbone
4) Flaming
5) Spam
39. Two or more computers connected to each other of sharing information form a _____
1) Network
2) Router
3) Server
4) Tunnel
5) Pipeline
40. Computers that are portable and convenient for users who travel are known as _____
1) Super computers
2) Lap tops
3) Mini computers
4) File servers
5) None of these
41. A computer checks the _____ of user names and passwords for a match before granting access.
1) Website
2) Network
3) Backup file
4) Data base
5) None of these
42. Office LANs that are spread geographically apart on a large scale can be connected using a corporate _____
1) CAN
2) LAN
3) DAN
4) WAN
5) TAN
43. The code for a Web page is written using _____
1) A fifth generation language
2) Win Zip
3) Peripherals
4) Hypertext Markup Language
5) URL
44. What is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk called?
1) Configuration
2) Download
3) Storage
4) Upload
5) Installation
45. Small application programs that run on a web page and may ensure a form is completed properly or provide animation are known as _____
1) Flash
2) Spiders
3) Cookies
4) Applets
5) Sparks
46. The first computers were programmed using _____
1) Assembly language
2) Machine language
3) Source code
4) Object code
5) Spaghetti code
47. Which process checks to ensure the components of the computer and operating are connected properly?
1) Booting
2) Processing
3) Saving
4) Editing
5) None of these
48. In a relational database, this is a data structure that organizes the information about a single topic into rows and columns.
1) Block
2) Record
3) Tuple
4) Table
5) Command line interface
49. How can the user determine what programs are available on a computer?
1) Checking the hard disk properties
2) Viewing the installed programs during the booting process
3) Checking the operating system for a list of installed programs.
4) Checking the existing files saved on the disk
5) None of these
50. When we run a program in HTML coding _____ is used as backend and ____ works as front-end.
1) Notepad - Internet-Explorer
2) Notepad - Msn-messenger
3) MS-Word - Internet Explorer
4) Both (1) and (2)
5) None of these

ANSWERS:

1)3 2)3 3)1 4)1 5)4 6)3 7)3 8)5 9)3 10)2 11)2 12)4 13)2 14)4 15)2 16)3 17)1 18)1 19)2 20)1 21)2 22)4 23)2 24)4 25)4 26)3 27)4 28)1 29)2 30)3 31)2 32)3 33)1 34)2 35)2 36)3 37)2 38)5 39)1 40)2 41)4 42)4 43)4 44)5 45)4 46)2 47)1 48)4 49)4 50)1

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011-12-14T22:51:00.003+05:30

1. What type of network connection is NOT a way of connecting to the Internet?
a. TCP/IP

b. Dial-up

c. ISDN

d. T1

e. T3

2. Which of the following is the correct syntax for a URL?
a. john@xyz.com

b. c:\windows

c. index.html

d. aol.com

e. All of the Above.

3. A “High Resolution” computer monitor will have:
a. High dpi, e.g. .31 dpi

b. Low dpi, e.g. .26 dpi

c. 256 colors

d. Resolution isn’t measured in dpi or colors

e. The same resolution as your printer.

4. Computer Memory is normally measured in:
a. Kilobytes

b. Megabytes

c. Gigabytes

d. Terabytes

e. None of the Above

5. In Microsoft Excel, which of the following formulas is incorrect?
a. =SUM(A1,B1,B2,C2)

b. =ROUND(SUM(A1:C2),2)

c. =ROUND(A1:C2,2)

d. =SUM(ROUND(A1:B1,B2:C2))

e. All of the Above

6. A world wide web contains web pages

a. residing in many computers

b. created using HTML

c. with links to other web pages

d. residing in many computers linked together using HTML

7. By an intranet we mean

a. a LAN of an organization

b. a Wide Area Network connecting all branches of an organization

c. a corporate computer network

d. a network connecting all computers of an organization and using the internet protocol

8. Internet uses

a. Packet switching

b. Circuit switching

c. Telephone switching

d. Telex switching

9. Internet is

a. a local computer network

b. a world wide network of computers

c. an interconnected network of computers

d. a world wide interconnected network of computers which use a common protocol to communicate with one another

10. ____________ is a set of computer programs used on a computer to help perform tasks.

A. An instruction

B. Software

C. Memory

D. A processor

11. System software is the set of programs that enables your computer’s hardware devices and ____________ software to work together.

A. management

B. processing

C. utility

D. application

12. The PC (personal computer) and the Apple Macintosh are examples of two different:

A. platforms.

B. applications.

C. programs.

D. storage devices.

13. Apple Macintoshes (Macs) and PCs use different ____________ to process data and different operating systems.

A. languages

B. methods

C. CPUs

D. storage devices

14. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a:

A. network.

B. mainframe.

C. supercomputer.

D. client.

15. Smaller and less expensive PC-based servers are replacing ____________ in many businesses.

A. supercomputers

B. clients

C. laptops

D. mainframes

16. DSL is an example of a(n) ____________ connection.

A. network

B. wireless

C. slow

D. broadband

17. The difference between people with access to computers and the Internet and those without this access is known as the:

A. digital divide.

B. Internet divide.

C. Web divide.

D. broadband divide.

18.____________ is the science revolving around the use of nanostructures to build devices on an extremely small scale.

A. Nanotechnology

B. Micro-technology

C. Computer forensics

D. Artificial intelligence

19. Word processing, spreadsheet, and photo-editing are examples of:

A. application software.

B. system software.

C. operating system software.

D. platform software.

20. Which of the following is NOT a necessary characteristic of computer fluency?

A. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of computers

B. Being able to write computer programs

C. Becoming comfortable with the use of computers

D. Understanding the legal, ethical, and societal implications of computing

21. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, approximately ____________ % of American workers used computers on the job as of 2001.

A. 20

B. 40

C. 50

D. 70

22. Retail employees typically use ____________ terminals to process sales transactions.

A. sales processing

B. transaction point

C. automatic teller

D. point of sale

23. The process of ____________ involves automated study of consumer buying patterns in order to support marketing, inventory replenishment, and pricing decisions.

A. transaction processing

B. data mining

C. simulation

D. information processing

24. The engineering discipline that involves construction of molecularly-sized computing devices is called:

A. nanotechnology.

B. molecular processing.

C. silicon grafting.

D. nanoscience.

25. The prefix that stands for â•œbillionthâ•• is:

A. giga. B. tera. C. nano. D. peta.

26. A small biomedical device currently on the market that can be implanted underneath the skin for identification purposes is called the:

A. Identitron.

B. Verichip.

C. Digicard.

D. Nanoguard.

27. The four main functions of a computer are:

A. input, processing, output, and storage.

B. learning, thinking, intelligence, and virtuosity.

C. data, information, bits, and bytes.

D. hardware, software, modeling, and operations.

28. The primary purpose of a computer is to process _____________ and convert it into information.

A. electricity

B. data

C. raw material

D. a bit

29. Bit refers to a:

A. computer language.

B. CPU instruction.

C. 0 or 1 value.

D. digital representation of an alphabetic character.

30. There are ____________ bits in a byte.

A. two

B. four

C. six

D. eight

31. In computer language, each letter, number, and an array of special characters consists of:

A. 8 kilobytes.

B. 8 bytes.

C. a bit.

D. 8 bits.

32. Which of the following is the correct sequence of smallest to largest unit of storage size?

A. megabyte ? terabyte ? gigabyte ? kilobyte ? petabyte

B. kilobyte ? megabyte ? gigabyte ? terabyte ? petabyte

C. kilobyte ? megabyte ? gigabyte ? petabyte ? terabyte

D. kilobyte ? megabyte ? petabyte ? terabyte ? gigabyte

33. The prefix kilo refers to approximately:

A. one thousand.

B. one million.

C. one hundred.

D. one billion.

34. Computers work in:

A. machine linguistics.

B. binary language.

C. HTML code.

D. bit language.

35. The metal or plastic case that houses the physical components of a computer together is called the:

A. central processing unit .

B. storage device.

C. motherboard.

D. system unit.

36. The brains of the computer which executes the instructions, is called the:

A. CPU.

B. RAM.

C. motherboard.

D. system unit.

37. Instructions and data that are about to be processed by the CPU are located in:

A. a CD-ROM.

B. RAM.

C. the hard disk.

D. the motherboard.

38. The circuitry that includes the CPU and memory chips is located on the:

A. system unit.

B. operating system.

C. motherboard.

D. computer platform.

39. All of the following are considered to be storage devices EXCEPT

a: A. floppy disk.

B. CPU.

C. CD.

D. hard disk drive.

40. What is the correct association between a hardware component and a computer function?

A. Monitor ? input

B. Mouse ? input

C. CPU ? storage

D. Hard disk ? processing

41. The main difference between application and system software is that:

A. application software is composed of program instructions but system software is not.

B. application software is stored in memory whereas system software is only in the CPU.

C. system software is unnecessary whereas application software must be present on the computer.

D. system software manages hardware whereas application software performs user tasks.

42. A document created in a word processing program or a budget created in a spreadsheet are both examples of documents created in:

A. application software.

B. system software.

C. an operating system.

D. a Windows platform.

43. Which of the following is an example of system software?

A. Word processor

B. Operating system

C. Management information system

D. Spreadsheet

44. The term that refers to computers that provide resources to other computers in a network is:

A. server.

B. mainframe.

C. platform.

D. resource provider.

45. If a large business is going to use a single computer to execute many programs for hundreds of users at the same time, performing relatively simple operations and transactions, the type of computer will probably be a

A. Supercomputer

B. PC

C. Mainframe

D. ISP

IBPS Probationary Officers Written Exam., 2011

2011-12-08T11:23:00.000+05:30

Computer Knowledge

(Held on 18-9-2011)

1. Computer uses the……….number system to store data and perform calculations.
(A) binary
(B) octal
(C) decimal
(D) hexadecimal
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

2. A disk's content that is recorded at the time of manufacture and that cannot be changed or erased by the user is–
(A) Memory-only
(B) Write-only
(C) Once-only
(D) Run-only
(E) Read-only
Ans : (E)

3. Which of the following can be used to select the entire document ?
(A) CTRL+A
(B) ALT+F5
(C) SHIFT+A
(D) CTRL+K
(E) CTRL+H
Ans : (A)

4. ……….are 'attempts by individuals to obtain confidential information from you by falsifying their identity.
(A) Phishing
(B) Computer viruses
(C) Spyware scams
(D) Viruses
(E) None of the above
Ans : (A)

5. Part number, part description, and number of parts ordered are examples of–
(A) control
(B) output
(C) processing
(D) feedback
(E) input
Ans : (E)

6. A Web site's main page is called its–
(A) Home Page
(B) Browser Page
(C) Search Page
(D) Bookmark
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

7. The simultaneous processing of two or more programs by multiple processors is–
(A) multiprogramming
(B) multitasking
(C) time-sharing
(D) multiprocessing
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

8. Codes consisting of lines of varying widths or lengths that are computer-readable are known as–
(A) an ASCII code
(B) a magnetic tape
(C) an OCR scanner
(D) a bar code
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

9. To instruct Word to fit the width of a column to the contents of a table automatically, click the button and then point to AutoFit Contents.
(A) Fit to Form
(B) Format
(C) Autosize
(D) Contents
(E) AutoFit
Ans : (E)

10. Why is it unethical to share copyrighted files with your friends ?
(A) It is not unethical, because it is legal.
(B) It is unethical because the files are being given for free.
(C) Sharing copyrighted files without permission breaks copyright laws.
(D) It is not unethical because the files are being given for free.
(E) It is not unethical-anyone can access a computer
Ans : (C)

11. Reusable optical storage will typica1ly have the acronym–
(A) CO
(B) DVD
(C) ROM
(D) RW
(E) ROS
Ans : (D)

12. The most common type of storage devices are–
(A) persistent
(B) optical
(C) magnetic
(D) flash
(E) steel
Ans : (D)

13. A device that connects to a network without the use of cables is said to be–
(A) distributed
(B) free
(C) centralized
(D) open source
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

14. A person who used his or her expertise to gain access to other people's computers to get information illegally or do damage is a–
(A) hacker
(B) analyst
(C) instant messenger
(D) programmer
(E) spammer
Ans : (A)

15. To access properties of an object, the mouse technique to use is–
(A) dragging
(B) dropping
(C) right-clicking
(D) shift-clicking
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

16. To change selected text to all capital letters, click the change case button, then click–
(A) UPPERCASE
(B) UPPER ALL
(C) CAPS LOCK
(D) Lock Upper
(E) Large Size
Ans : (A)

17. The basic unit of a worksheet into which you enter data in Excel is called a–
(A) tab
(B) cell
(C) box
(D) range
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

18. You can keep your personal files / folders in–
(A) My folder
(B) My Documents
(C) My Files
(D) My Text
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

19. In Word you can force a page break–
(A) By positioning your cursor at the appropriate place and pressing the F1 key
(B) By positioning your cursor at the appropriate place and pressing Ctrl+Enter
(C) By using the Insert/Section Break
(D) By changing the font size of your document
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

20. A DVD is an example of a(n) –
(A) hard disk
(B) optical disc
(C) output device
(D) solid-state storage device
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

21. The default view in Excel is……….view.
(A) Work
(B) Auto
(C) Normal
(D) Roman
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

22. The process of transferring files from a computer on the Internet to your computer is called–
(A) downloading
(B) uploading
(C) FTP
(D) JPEC
(E) downsizing
Ans : (A)

23. ……….is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors.
(A) Tracking
(B) Formatting
(C) Crashing
(D) Allotting
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

24. Help Menu is available at which button ?
(A) End
(B) Staft
(C) Turnoff
(D) Restart
(E) Reboot
Ans : (B)

25. The contents of……….are lost when the computer turns off.
(A) storage
(B) input
(C) output
(D) memory
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

26. When you save to this, your data will remain intact even when the computer is turned off–
(A) RAM
(B) Motherboard
(C) Secondary storage device
(D) Primary storage device
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

27. A central computer that holds collections of data and programs for many PCs, workstations, and other computers is a(n) –
(A) supercomputer
(B) minicomputer
(C) laptop
(D) server
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

28. The……….folder retains copies of messages that you have started but are not yet ready to send.
(A) Drafts
(B) Outbox
(C) Address Book
(D) Sent Items
(E) Inbox
Ans : (B)

29. Grouping and processing all of a firm's transactions at one time is called–
(A) a database management system
(B) batch processing
(C) a real-time system
(D) an on-line system
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

30. The……….enables you to simultaneously keep multiple Web pages open in one browser window.
(A) tab box
(B) pop-up helper
(C) tab row
(D) address bar
(E) Esc key
Ans : (C)

31. Which ports connect special types of music instruments to sound cards ?
(A) BUS
(B) CPU
(C) USB
(D) MIDI
(E) MINI
Ans : (C)

32. You can……….a search by providing more information the search engine can use to select a smaller, more useful set of results.
(A) refine
(B) expand
(C) load
(D) query
(E) slowdown
Ans : (A)

33. What is the permanent memory built into your computer called ?
(A) RAM
(B) Floppy
(C) CPU
(D) CO-ROM
(E) ROM
Ans : (E)

34. What displays the contents of the active cell in Excel ?
(A) Name box
(B) Row Headings
(C) Formula bar
(D) Task pane
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

35. The piece of hardware that converts your computer's digital signal to an analog signal that can travel over telephone lines is called a–
(A) red wire
(B) blue cord
(C) tower
(D) modem
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

36. Video processors consist of……….and………., which store and process images.
(A) CPU and VGA
(B) CPU and memory
(C) VGA and memory
(D) VGI and DVI
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

37. If you want to connect to your own computer through the Internet from another location, you can use–
(A) e-mail
(B) FTP
(C) instant message
(D) Telnet
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

38. To reload a Web page, press the……….button.
(A) Redo
(B) Reload
(C) Restore
(D) Ctrl
(E) Refresh
Ans : (E)

39. This first step in the transaction processing cycle captures business data through various modes such as optical scanning or at an electronic commerce website–
(A) Document and report generation
(B) Database maintenance
(C) Transaction processing startup
(D) Data Entry
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

40. A(n) ……….is a special visual and audio effect applied in Power-point to text or content.
(A) animation
(B) flash
(C) wipe
(D) dissolve
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

41. When the pointer is positioned on a……….it is shaped like a hand.
(A) grammar error
(B) Formatting error
(C) Screen Tip
(D) Spelling error
(E) hyperlink
Ans : (E)

42. Personal computers can be connected together to form a–
(A) server
(B) supercomputer
(C) network
(D) enterprise
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

43. A……….is the term used when a search engine returns a Web page that matches the search criteria.
(A) blog
(B) hit
(C) link
(D) view
(E) success
Ans : (E)

44. ……….are words that a programming language has set aside for its own use.
(A) Control words
(B) Control structures
(C) Reserved words
(D) Reserved keys
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

45. Mobile Commerce is best described as–
(A) The use of Kiosks in marketing
(B) Transporting products
(C) Buying and selling goods/services through wireless handheld devices
(D) Using notebook PC's in marketing
(E) None of the above
Ans : (C)

46. Which of, the following is a storage device that uses rigid, permanently installed magnetic disks to store data/information–
(A) floppy diskette
(B) hard disk
(C) permanent disk
(D) optical disk
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

47. The computer abbreviation KB usually means–
(A) Key Block
(B) Kernel Boot
(C) Key Byte
(D) Kit Bit
(E) Kilo Byte
Ans : (E)

48. What is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk called?
(A) Configuration
(B) Download
(C) Storage
(D) Upload
(E) Installation
Ans : (D)

49. In Excel……….allows users to bring together copies of work-books that other users have worked on independently.
(A) Copying
(B) Merging
(C) Pasting
(D) Compiling
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

50. Which of the following are advantages of CD-ROM as a storage media?
(A) CD-ROM is an inexpensive way to store large, amount of data and information
(B) CD-ROM disks retrieve data and information more quickly than magnetic disks do
(C) CD-ROMs make less errors than magnetic media
(D) An of the above
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

IBPS CLERKS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011-12-03T15:51:00.000+05:30

1. Technology no longer protected by copyright, available to everyone, is considered to be:
(A) proprietary
(B) open
(C) experimental
(D) in the public domain
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

2. A typical modern computer uses
(A) Magnetic cores
(B) LSI chips
(C) Magnetic tapes
(D) More than 1000 vacuum tubes
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

3.ALU is called for _____ of a computer
(A) Heart
(B) Master dispatcher
(C) Primary memory
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

4. A single dimensional array is called
(A) List
(B) Subscripts
(C) Matrix
(D) File
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

5.How many types of drawing objects are available in drawing Tool Bar ?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 10
(D) 12
(E) None of these
Answer: (E)

6.Data processing is___
(A) data collection
(B) similar to computer programming
(C) associated with commercial work
(D) akin to data coding
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

7.In computer terminology, information means
(A) Raw data
(B) Data in more useful
(C) Alphanumeric data
(D) Program
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

8.What is meant by the term RAM?
(A) Memory which can only be read
(B) Memory which can be both read and written to
(C) Memory which is used for permanent storage
(D) Memory which can only be written to
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

9. In UNIX, which command is used to sort the lines of data in a file in reverse order
(A) sort
(B) sh
(C) st
(D) sort –r
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

10. The commonly used UNIX commands like date, ls, cat etc. are stored in
(A) /dev directory
(B) /bin directory
(C) /tmp directory
(D) /unix directory
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

11. In UNIX, which command is used to change the protection mode of files starting with the string emp and ending with 1, 2 or 3 ?
(A) Chmod u+x emp[1-3]
(B) Chmod 777 emp*
(C) Chmod u+r ??? emp
(D) Chmod 222 emp ?
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

12. The variables which can be accessed by all modules in a C program, are known as
(A) Local variables
(B) Internal variables
(C) External variables
(D) Global variables
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

13. Which computer memory is used for storing programs and data currently being processed by the CPU ?
(A) Mass memory
(B) Internal memory
(C) Non-volatile memory
(D) PROM
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

14. A record that follws a group of related records and contains data relevant to those records is called as....
(A) Trailer record
(B) Traffic record
(C) Transaction record
(D) Transducer
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

15. A type of semiconductor memory that usually has small capacity but very fast access is
(A) PROM
(B) RAM
(C) Scratchpad
(D) ROM
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

16. ____ is the study of molecules and structures whose size ranges from 1 to 100 nanometers.
(A) Nanoscience
(B) Microelectrodes
(C) Computer forensics
(D) Artificial intelligence
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

17.A single pole, single throw switch with one common line and one output line is
(A) Switch circuit
(B) SPDT switch
(C) SPST switch
(D) Star bit
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

18.A one-bit signal that indicates the start of data transmission by an asynchronous device is
(A) Parity bit
(B) Status bit
(C) Zero bit
(D) Star bit
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

19.__ is data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion.
(A) A process
(B) Software
(C) Storage
(D) Information
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

20. The name for the way that computers manipulate data into information is called
(A) programming
(B) processing
(C) storing
(D) organizing
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

21. Computers gather data, which means that they allow users to _____ data.
(A) present
(B) input
(C) output
(D) store
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

22. After a picture has been taken with a digital camera and processed appropriately, the actual print of the picture is considered
(A) data
(B) output
(C) input
(D) the process
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

23. A circut with about 100 transistors fabricated on a single chip is called
(A) MCR
(B) MSI
(C) MIS
(D) RJE
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL PAPER

2011-12-03T15:43:00.002+05:30

1. One megabyte equals approximately
1) 1,000 bits
2) 1,000 bytes
3) 1 million bytes
4) 1 million bits
5) 2,000 bytes

2. Data going into the computer is called?
1) Output
2) Algorithm
3) Input
4) Calculations
5) Flowchart

3. Which of the following refers to the memory in your computer?
1) RAM
2) DSL
3) USB
4) LAN
5) CPU

4. When you are working on a document on PC, where is the document temporarily stored?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) The CPU
4) Flash memory
5) The CD-Rom

5. Information travels between components on the mother board through-
1) Flash memory
2) CMOS
3)Bays
4) Buses
5) Peripherals

6. How are data organised in a spreadsheet?
1) Lines and spaces
2) Layers and planes
3) Height and width
4) Rows and columns
5) None of these

7. Which of the following is true?
1) Byte is a single digit in a binary number
2) Bit represents a grouping of digital numbers
3) Eight-digit binary number is called a byte
4) Eight-digit binary number is called a bit
5) None of these

8. Transformation of input into output is performed by?
1) Peripherals
2) Memory
3) Storage
4) The Input-Output unit
5) The CPU

9. How many options does a binary choice offer?
1) None
2) One
3) Two
4) It depends on the amount of memory in the computer
5) It depends on the speed of the computer's processor

10. .....is collection of web pages and ......is the very first page that we see on opening of a web-site
1) Home-page, Web-page
2) Web-site, Home-page
3) Web-page, Home-page
4) Web-page, Web-site
5) None of these

11. When the pointer is positioned on a _____ it is shaped like a hand.
1) Grammar error
2) Hyperlink
3) Screen tip
4) Spelling error
5) Formatting error

12. The _____ of a system includes the programs or instructions.
1) Hardware
2) Icon
3) Information
4) Software
5) None of these

13. 'www' stands for _____
1) World Word Web
2) World Wide Web
3) World White Web
4) World Work Web
5) None of these

14. What menu is selected to cut, copy, and paste?
1) File
2) Tools
3) Special
4) Edit
5) None

15. You can use the tab key to
1) Move a cursor across the screen
2) Indent a paragraph
3) Move the cursor down the screen
4) Only (1) and (2)
5) None of these

16. The most important or powerful computer in a typical network is _____
1) Desktop
2) Network client
3) Network server
4) Network station
5) None of these

17. Which of the following is an example of connectivity?
1) Internet
2) Floppy disk
3) Power cord
4) Data
5) None of these

18. The ability to find an individual item in a file immediately _____ is used.
1) File allocation table
2) Directory
3) Sequential access
4) Direct access
5) None of these

19. The primary purpose of software is to turn data into _____
1) Web sites
2) Information
3) Programs
4) Objects
5) None of these

20. To what temporary area can you store text and other data, and later paste them to another location?
1) The clipboard
2) ROM
3) CD-ROM
4) The hard disk
5) None of these

21. Storage that retains its data after the power is tuned off is referred to as
1) volatile storage
2) non-volatile storage
3) sequential storage
4) direct storage
5) None of these

22. _____is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do.
1) Nano science
2) Nanotechnology
3) Simulation
4) Artificial intelligence (AI)
5) None of these

23. Changing an existing document is called _____ the document.
1) Creating
2) Editing
3) Modifying
4) Adjusting
5) None of these

24. Computers use the _____ number system to store data and perform calculations.
1) Decimal
2) Hexadecimal
3) Octal
4) Binary
5) None of these

25. Which of the following is the largest unit of storage?
1) GB
2) KB
3) MB
4) TB
5) None of these

26. The _____ key will launch the start buttons.
1) Esc
2) Shift
3) Windows
4) Shortcut
5) None of these

27. _____is the process of finding errors in software code.
1) Compiling
2) Testing
3) Running
4) Debugging
5) None of these

28. To move to the beginning of a line of text, press the _____ key.
1) Home
2) A
3) Page-up
4) Enter
5) None of these

29. Virtual memory is
1) Memory on the hard disk that the CPU uses as an extended RAM
2) RAM
3) Only necessary if you do not have any RAM in your computer
4) A back up device for floppy disks
5) None of these

30. A _____ contains specific rules and words that express the logical steps of an algorithm.
1) Syntax
2) Programming structure
3) Programming language
4) Logic chart
5) None of these

31. When sending an e-mail, the _____ line describes the contents of the message.
1) to
2) subject
3) contents
4) CC
5) None of these

32. The _____ tells the computer how to use its components.
1) Utility
2) Network
3) Operating system
4) Application program
5) None of these

33. Which grouping do you work with when formatting text in word?
1) Tables, paragraphs and indexes
2) Paragraphs, indexes and sections
3) Characters, sections and paragraphs
4) Indexes, characters and tables
5) None of these

34. What is backup?
1) Adding more components to your network
2) Protecting data by copying it from the original source to a different destination
3) Filtering old data from the new data
4) Accessing data on tape
5) None of these

35. Network components are connected to the same cable in the _____ topology.
1) Star
2) Ring
3) Bus
4) Mesh
5) Mixed

36. This component is required to process data into information and consists of integrated circuits.
1) Hard disk
2) RAM
3) CPU
4) ROM
5) None of these

37. One advantage of dial-up-internet access is ___
1) It utilises broadband technology
2) It utilizes existing telephone service
3) It uses a router for security
4) Modem speeds are very fast
5) None of these

38. What is the term for unsolicited e-mail?
1) News group
2) Use net
3) Backbone
4) Flaming
5) Spam

39. Two or more computers connected to each other of sharing information form a _____
1) Network
2) Router
3) Server
4) Tunnel
5) Pipeline

40. Computers that are portable and convenient for users who travel are known as _____
1) Super computers
2) Lap tops
3) Mini computers
4) File servers
5) None of these

41. A computer checks the _____ of user names and passwords for a match before granting access.
1) Website
2) Network
3) Backup file
4) Data base
5) None of these

42. Office LANs that are spread geographically apart on a large scale can be connected using a corporate _____
1) CAN
2) LAN
3) DAN
4) WAN
5) TAN

43. The code for a Web page is written using _____
1) A fifth generation language
2) Win Zip
3) Peripherals
4) Hypertext Markup Language
5) URL

44. What is the process of copying software programs from secondary storage media to the hard disk called?
1) Configuration
2) Download
3) Storage
4) Upload
5) Installation

45. Small application programs that run on a web page and may ensure a form is completed properly or provide animation are known as _____
1) Flash
2) Spiders
3) Cookies
4) Applets
5) Sparks

46. The first computers were programmed using _____
1) Assembly language
2) Machine language
3) Source code
4) Object code
5) Spaghetti code

47. Which process checks to ensure the components of the computer and operating are connected properly?
1) Booting
2) Processing
3) Saving
4) Editing
5) None of these

48. In a relational database, this is a data structure that organizes the information about a single topic into rows and columns.
1) Block
2) Record
3) Tuple
4) Table
5) Command line interface

49. How can the user determine what programs are available on a computer?
1) Checking the hard disk properties
2) Viewing the installed programs during the booting process
3) Checking the operating system for a list of installed programs.
4) Checking the existing files saved on the disk
5) None of these

50. When we run a program in HTML coding _____ is used as backend and ____ works as front-end.
1) Notepad - Internet-Explorer
2) Notepad - Msn-messenger
3) MS-Word - Internet Explorer
4) Both (1) and (2)
5) None of these

ANSWERS:

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL QUESTION PAPER

2011-11-23T14:42:00.000+05:30

1.What is the ultimate purpose of Defragmentation ?
1) Make the PC faster
2) Create More Free Space
3) Delete temporary files
4) Reduce Power consumption
5) All of the above

2.Computers process data into information by working exclusively with :
1) multimedia
2) words
3) characters
4) numbers
5) None of these

3.You must install a (n) ......... on a network if you want to share a broadband Internet connection
1) router
2) modem
3) node
4) cable
5) None of these

4.The purpose of the primary key in a database is to :
1) unlock the database
2) provide a map of the data
3) uniquely identify a record
4) establish constraints on database operations
5) None of these

5.The design of the network is called the network
1) architecture
2) server
3) transmission
4) type
5) None of these

6.The most frequently used instructions of a computer program are likely to be fetched from:
1) the hard disk
2) cache memory
3) RAM
4) registers
5) None of these

7.Personal logs or journal entries posted on the Web are known as :
1) listservs
2) Webcasts
3) blogs
4) subject directories
5) None of these

8.Which of the following is NOT a type of broad band internet connection ?
1) Cable
2) DSL
3) Dial-up
4) Satellite
5) None of these

9.Linux is a(n) ........ operating system
1) open-source
2) Microsoft
3) Windows
4) Mac
5) None of these

10.Which of the following places the common data elements in order from smallest to largest
1) character, file, record, field, database
2) character, record, field, database, file
3) character, field, record, file, database
4) Bit, byte, character, record, field, file, database
5) None of these

11.The internet is ..........
1) a large network of networkds
2) an internal communication system for a business
3) a communications system for the Indian government
4) All of these
5) None of these

12.Which of the following statements is FALSE concenring file names ?
1) Files may share the same name or the same extension but not both
2) Every file in the same foldr must have a unique, name
3) File extension is another name for file type
4) The file extension comes before the dot (.) followed by the file name
5) None of these

13.Which of the following would most likely NOT be a symptom of a virus ?
1) Existing program files and icons disappear
2) The CD-ROM stops functioning
3) THe Web browser opens to an unusual home page
4) Odd messages or images are displayed on the screen
5) None of these

14.What is a back up ?
1) Restoring the information backup
2) An exact copy of a system's information
3) The ability to get a system u and runnign in the event of a system crash or failure
4) All of these
5) None of these

15. ............ are lists of commands that appear on the screen
1) GUIs
2) Icons
3) Menus
4) Windows
5) None of these

16.What is the correct association between a hardware component and a computer function?
1) Monitor > input
2) Mouse > input
3) CPU > storage
4) Hard disk > processing
5) None of these

17.What is the function of Drop Cap ?
1) It does not allow capital letters to be used in the documents
2) It makes first letter of each word capital letter in the documents
3) It lets you begin a paragraph witha large dropped initial capital letter
4) In automatically starts all paragraphs and sentences with capital letters
5) None of these

18.The errors that can be pointed out by the compiler are :
1) Syntax error
2) Symantic error
3) Logical error
4) Internal error
5) None of these

19. The move to the bottom of a document, press ........
1) Auto summarize
2) Home key
3) Ctrl + Home key
4) End key
5) Ctrl + End key

20.By default, your documents print in ..... mode
1) Landscape
2) Portrait
3) Page setup
4) Print preview
5) None of these

21.Select the odd one out :
1) Interpreter
2) Operating system
3) Compiler
4) Assembler
5) Programmer

22.For viewing video CDs, you would use ......
1) CD Player
2) Windows Media Player
3) WIndows Video Player
4) WIndows Movie Player
5) None of these

23. What's the name for the program or service that lets you view e-mail messages ?
1) Web browser
2) E-mail clients
3) E-mail ID
4) Internet
5) None of these

24. What does the SMTP in an SMTP server stand for ?
1) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
2) Serve Message Text Process
3) Short Messaging Text Process
4) Short Messaging Transfer Protocol
5) None of these

25.What's considered the 'backbone' of the World Wide Web ?
1) Uniform resource locator (URL)
2) Hypertext mark-up language (HTML)
3) Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
4) File transfer protocol (FTP)
5) None of these

26. We access the World Wide Web using :
1) Browsers
2) Instant messaging applications
3) High bandwidth
4) Search engine
5) None of these

27.The Internet began with the development of
1) USENET
2) ARPANET
3) Ethernet
4) Intranet
5) None of these

28.A wireless network uses .......... waves to transmit signals
1) mechanical
2) radio
3) sound
4) magnetic
5) None of these

29.What device includes an adapter that decodes data sent in radio signals ?
1) modem
2) digital translator
3) router
4) switch
5) None of these

30.Network components are connected to the same cable in the .......... topology
1) star
2) ring
3) bus
4) mesh
5) None of these

31.Small application programs that run on a Web page and may ensure a form is completed properly or provide animation are known as ......
1) flash
2) spiders
3) cookies
4) applets
5) None of these

32.Which of the following is Not a characteristic of a compluter ?
1) Intelligence
2) Speed
3) Versatility
4) Automation
5) None of these

33.The WWW standard allows programs on many different computer platforms to show the information on a server. Such programs are called :
1) ISP
2) Web Browsers
3) Web Servers
4) Web Modular
5) None of these

34. Outlook Express is a
1) E-mail client
2) Scheduler
3) Address book
4) All of the above
5) None of these

35.Which of the following is not a network ?
1) Local Area Network
2) Wide Area Network
3) Optical Fibre
4) All are networks
5) None of these

36.Which of the following is Not a characteristic of E-mail ?
1) Low cost
2) Record maintenance in database
3) High speed
4) Waste reduction
5) None of these

37. ........... is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do
1) nanoscience
2) Nanotechnology
3) Simulation
4) Artificial intelligence
5) None of these

38.Who designed the first electronic computer - ENIAC ?
1) Van Neuman
2) Joseph M Jacquard
3) J presper Eckert and John W mauchly
4) Both 1 and 2
5) None of these

39............. is a collection of web - pages and .......... is the very first page that we see on opening of a website
1) Home page, Web page
2) Website, Home page
3) Web page, Home page
4) Web page, Website
5) None of these

40.When we run progra in HTML coding, ......... is used as back-end and ........... works as front-end
1) Notepad, Internet Explorer
2) Notepad, MSN messenger
3) MS Word, Internet Explorer
4) Both 1 and 3
5) None of these

41.The server on the internet is also known as :
1) Repeater
2) Host
3) Gateway
4) AND Gate
5) None of these

42.Website is a collection of :
1) HTML documents
2) Graphic files
3) Audio and Video files
4) All of the above
5) None of these

43. ........... is a method in which multiple communicatioin devices are connected to one another efficiently
1) Switching
2) Redundancy
3) Capacity
4) Detecting
5) None of these

44. One computer that is nto considered a portable computer is .......
1) Mini computer
2) A Laptop
3) Micro computer
4) All of the above
5) None of these

45.The sharing of a medium and its path by 2 or more devices is called ..........
1) Modulation
2) Encoding
3) Line discipline
4) Multiplexing
5) None of these

46.Device drivers are :
1) time power cords for external storage devices
2) experts who know to maximise the performance of device
3) small, special purpose programs
4) the innermost part of the operating system
5) None of these

47. Array is ............
1) linear data structure
2) non-linear data structure
3) complex data structure
4) simple data structure
5) None of these

48.A stored link to a webpage, in order to have a quick and easy access to it later, it called :
1) Bookmark
2) WP-link
3) Favourite
4) Both 1 and 3
5) None of these

49.Which input device cannot be used to work in MS Office ?
1) Sanner
2) Mouse
3) Keyboard
4) Joy stick
5) Lightpen

50................ is an animated character that gives help in MS Office ?
1) Office worker
2) Comic assistant
3) Office assistant
4) All of the above
5) None of these

ANSWERS:
    1) 2    2) 4    3) 1    4) 2    5) 1    6) 2        7) 3    8) 3    9) 1    10) 3
11) 1    12) 4     13) 2    14) 4    15) 3    16) 2    17) 3    18) 1        19) 5    20) 2
21) 2    22) 2    23) 2    24) 1        25) 3    26) 1    27) 2    28) 2    29) 3    30) 1
31) 1    32) 1    33) 2    34) 4    35) 3    36) 2 37) 4    38) 1    39) 2    40) 1
41) 2    42) 4   43) 1    44) 1    45) 4    46) 3    47) 1    48) 4        49) 4    50) 3

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL PAPER

2011-11-23T14:29:00.002+05:30

1. Programs from the same developer, sold bundled together, that provide better integration and share common features, toolbars and menus are known as?
1) software suites
2) integrated software
3) software processing
4) personal information
5) none of these

2. A data warehouse is which of the following?
1) Can be updated by the users
2) Contains numerous conventions and formats
3) Organized around subject areas
4) Contains only current data
5) None of these

3. _____ servers store and manages files for network users.
1) Authentication
2) Main
3) Web
4) File
5) None of these

4. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks except?
1) hackers
2) spam
3) viruses
4) identify theft
5) None of these

5. Loading Operating System onto RAM is called?
1) Printing
2) Saving
3) Booting
4) Staring
5) None of these

6. In MICR, C stands for?
1) Code
2) Colour
3) Computer
4) Character
5) None of these

7. System software is the set of programs that enables your computer's hardware devices and ____ software to work together?
1) management
2) processing
3) utility
4) application
5) None of these

8. _____ are specially designed computer chips reside inside other devices, such as your car or your electronic thermostat?
1) Servers
2) Embedded computers
3) Robotic computers
4) Mainframes
5) None of these

9. The following are all computing devices, except?
1) notebook computers
2) cellular telephones
3) digital scanners
4) personal digital assistants
5) None of these

10. In a ring topology, the computer in possession of the _____ can transmit data?
1) packet
2) data
3) access method
4) token
5) None of these

11. This part of operating system manages the essential peripherals, such as the keyboard, screen, disk drives and parallel and serial ports ______
1) basic input/output
2) secondary system
3) peripheral system
4) marginal system
5) None of these

12. The bar at the top of a window that bears the name of the window is known as?
1) control panel
2) task bar
3) menu bar
4) status bar
5) title bar

13. ______ controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer.
1) The platform
2) Application software
3) Operating system
4) The motherboard
5) None of these

14. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a?
1) mainframe
2) network
3) super computer
4) client
5) None of these

15. A device that operates under the control of another device is called?
1) Stem
2) Slave
3) Simulator
4) Emulator
5) None of these

16. URL stands for?
1) Universal Research List
2) Universal Resource List
3) Uniform Resource Locator
4) Uniform Research Locator
5) None of these

17. A database management system (DBMS) is a?
1) hardware system used to create, maintain and provide controlled access to a data- base
2) hardware system used to create, maintain, and provide uncontrolled access to a database.
3) software system used to create, maintain, and provide uncontrolled access to a database.
4)software system used to create, maintain and provide controlled access to a database.
5)None of these

18. The design of the network is called the network?
1) architecture
2) server
3) transmission
4) type
5) None of these

19.A Proxy server is used for which of the following?
1)To provide security against unauthorized users
2)To process client requests for web pages
3)To provide TCP/IP
4)To process client requests for database access
5) None of these

20.When data changes in multiple lists and all lists are not updated, this causes?
1) data redundancy
2) information overload
3) duplicate data
4) data inconsistency
5) None of these

21._____ are words that a programming language has set aside for its own use?
1) Control words
2) Reserved words
3) Control structures
4) Reserved keys
5) None of these

22.The most frequently used instru-ctions of a computer program are likely to be fetched from?
1) the hard disk
2) cache memory
3) RAM
4) registers
5) None of these

23.What is the shortcut key to "Undo" the last action in a document?
1) Ctrl + X
2) Ctrl + Y
3) Ctrl + Z
4) Ctrl + U
5) None of these

24.You must install a(n) ________ on a network if you want to share a broadband Internet connection.
1) router
2) modem
3) node
4) cable
5) None of these

25.The errors that can be pointed out by the compiler are?
1) Syntax errors
2) Semantic errors
3) Logic errors
4) System errors
5) None of these

26.Granting an outside organization access to internet web pages is often implemented using a(n)?
1) extranet
2) intranet
3) internet
4) hacker
5) None of these

27.Which term identifies a specific computer on the web and the main page of the entire site?
1) URL
2) Web site address
3) Hyperlink
4) Domain name
5) None of these

28.The code that relational database management systems use to perform their database task is referred to as?
1) QBE
2) SQL
3) OLAP
4) Sequel Server
5) None of these

29.Chip is a common nickname for a(n)?
1) transistor
2) resistor
3) integrated circuit
4) semiconductor
5) None of these

30.Programs such as Internet Explorer that serve as navigable windows into the Web are called
1) Hypertext
2) Networks
3) Internet
4) Web browsers
5) None of these

31.What menu is selected to cut, copy and paste?
1) File
2) Tools
3) Special
4) Edit
5) None of these

32.The most important or powerful computer in a typical network is?
1) desktop
2) network client
3) network server
4) network station
5) None of these

33.The primary purpose of software is to turn data into?
1) Web sites
2) information
3) programs
4) objects
5) None of these

34.The ability to find an individual item in a file immediately _______ is used?
1) file allocation table
2) directory
3) sequential access
4) direct access
5) None of these

35.To make a notebook act as a desktop model, the notebook can be connected to a ______
which is connected to a monitor and other devices?
1) bay
2) docking station
3) port
4) network
5) None of these

36.You can use the tab key to?
1) move cursor across the screen
2) indent a paragraph
3) move the cursor down the screen
4) Only (1) and (2)
5) None of these

37.A collection of related files is called a?
1) character
2) field
3) database
4) adjusting
5) None of these

38.Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as?
1) volatile storage
2) non-volatile storage
3) sequential storage
4) direct storage
5) None of these

39.Which of the following is an example of connectivity?
1) Internet
2) floppy disk
3) power card
4) data
5) None of these

40._______ is the process of finding errors in software code?
1) Compiling
2) Testing
3) Running
4) Debugging
5) None of these

41.A _______ contains specific rules and words that express the logical steps of an algorithm?
1) syntax
2) programming structure
3) programming language
4) logic chart
5) None of these

42.Changing an existing document is called ______ the document?
1) creating
2) editing
3) modifying
4) adjusting
5) None of these

43.Virtual memory is?
1) memory on the hard disk that the CPU uses an extended RAM
2) in RAM
3) only necessary if you do not have any RAM in your computer
4) a back up device for floppy disks
5) None of these

44.Computers use the ________ number system to store data and perform calculations?
1) decimal
2) hexadecimal
3) octal
4) binary
5) None of these

45.The ______ key will launch the start buttons?
1) esc
2) shift
3) windows
4) shortcut
5) None of these

46.To move to the beginning of a line of text, press the _____ key?
1) home
2) a
3) page up
4) enter
5) None of these

47.When sending an e-mail, the ______ line describes the contents of the message?
1) to
2) subject
3) contents
4) CC
5) None of these

48.Which groupings do you work with when formatting text in Word?
1) Tables, paragraphs and indexes
2) Paragraphs, indexes and sections
3) Characters, sections and paragraphs
4) Indexes, characters and tables
5) None of these

49.Which of the following is the largest unit of storage?
1) GB
2) KB
3) MB
4) TB
5) None of these

50.The ______ tells the computer how to use its components?
1) utility
2) network
3) operating system
4) application program
5) None of these

ANSWERS:

1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (3) 6. (4) 7. (4) 8. (2) 9. (3) 10. (4)
11. (1) 12. (5) 13. (3) 14. (2) 15. (2) 16. (3) 17. (4) 18. (1) 19. (2) 20. (4)
21. (2) 22. (2) 23. (3) 24. (1) 25. (1) 26. (1) 27. (1) 28. (2) 29. (3) 30. (4)
31. (4) 32. (3) 33. (2) 34. (3) 35. (2) 36. (4) 37. (3) 38. (2) 39. (1) 40. (2)
41. (1) 42. (2) 43. (1) 44. (4) 45. (3) 46. (1) 47. (2) 48. (1) 49. (1) 50. (3)

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL QUESTIONS

2011-11-23T00:38:00.000+05:30

1.A normal CD-ROM usually can store up to ..........
1) 680 KB
2) 680 Bytes
3) 680 MB
4) 680 GB
5) None of these

2.Which programming languages are classified as low level languages ?
1) Basic, COBOL, FORTRAN
2) Prolog 2, Expert Systems
3) Knowledge based Systerms
4) Assembly Languages
5) None of these

3.Which of the following devices have a limitation that we can only store information to it but cannot erase or modify it ?
1) Floppy Disk
2) Hard Disk
3) Tape Drive
4) CDROM
5) None of these

4.Which of the following is the largst manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives ?
1) IBM
2) Seagate
3) Microsoft
4) 3M
5) None of these

5. The programs which are as permanent as hardware and stored in ROM is known as
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Firmware
4) ROM ware
5) None of these

6.To save a document in different location use :
1) Save
2) Save as
3) Save as web page
4) All of above
5) None of these

7.Which of the following is not an manufacturer of Hard Disk drives ?
1) Samsung
2) Interl
3) Seagate
4) Western Digital
5) None of these

8.The two basic types of record - access methods are
1) Sequential and random
2) Sequential and indexed
3) Direct and immediate
4) On-line and real time
5) None of these

9.A disadvantage of the laser printer is :
1) It is quieter than an impact printer
2) It is very slow
3) The output is of a lower quality
4) All of the above
5) None of these

10.Different components on the motherboard of a PC processor unit are linked together by sets or parallel electrical conducting lines. What are these lines called ?
1) Conductors
2) Buses
3) Connectors
4) Connectively
5) None of these

11.Which of the following professions has been affected by personal computers ?
1) Medical
2) Clerical and law
3) Accounting
4) All of the above
5) None of these

12. What is meant by a dedicated computer ?
1) Which is used by one person only
2) Which is assigned one and only one task
3) Which uses one kind of software
4) Which is meant for application software
5) None of these

13.A computer program that translates one program instructions at a time into machine language is called a / an
1) Interpreter
2) CPU
3) Compiler
4) Simulator
5) None of these

14.Instructions and memory address are represented by
1) Character code
2) Binary codes
3) Binary word
4) Partiy bit
5) None of these

15.As compared to diskettes, the hard disks are
1) More expensive
2) More portable
3) Less rigid
4) Slowly accessed
5) None of these

16.The secondary storage devices can only store data but they cannot perform
1) Arithmetic Operation
2) Logic operation
3) Fetch operstions
4) Either of the above
5) None of these

17.A physical connection between the microsprocessor memory and other parts of the microcomputer is known as
1) Path
2) Address bus
3) Router
4) All of the above
5) None of these

18. A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one master is
1) Cyinder
2) Surface
3) Track
4) Cluster
5) None of these

19.Each model of a computer has a unique
1) Assembly of a computer
2) Machine language
3) High level language
4) All of the above
5) None of these

20.Which company is the biggest player in the microprocessor industry ?
1) Motorola
2) IBM
3) Intel
4) AMD
5) None of these

21.Which computer memory is used for storing programs and data currently being processed by the CPU ?
1) Mass memory
2) Internal memory
3) Non-volatile memory
4) PROM
5) None of these

22.Microprocessors can be used t make
1) Computer
2) Digital systems
3) Calculators
4) All of the above
5) None of these

23.The subject of cybernetics deals with the science of
1) Genetics
2) Control and communications
3) Molecular biology
4) Biochemistry
5) None of these

24.A term associated with the comparison of processing speeds of different computer system is :
1) EFTS
2) MPG
3) MIPS
4) CFPS
5) None of these

25.An integrated circuit is
1) A complicated circuit
2) An integrating device
3) Much costlier than a single transistor
4) Fabricated on a tiny silicon chip
5) None of these

26.Which command is used to set a name to a disk in DOS ?
1) VOLUME
2) VOL
3) LABEL
4) DISKLABEL
5) None of these

27.Which file starts MS Word ?
1) Winword.exe
2) Word.exe
3) Msword.exe
4) Word2003.exe
5) None of these

28.To get to the 'Symbol' dialog box, click on the ......... menu and choose 'Symbol'.
1) Insert
2) Format
3) Tools
4) Table
5) None of these

29.Superscript, subscript, outline, emboss, engrave are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

30.Shimmer, Sparkle text, Blinkng Background etc. are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

31.Which of the following is not availabel in Font Spacing ?
1) Normal
2) Loosely
3) Condensed
4) Expanded
5) None of these

32.Bold, Itali, Regular are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

33.If you begin typing an entry into acell and then realize that you don't want your entry placed into a cell, you :
1) Press the Erase key
2) Press esc
3) Press the Enter button
4) Press the Edit Formula button
5) None of these

34.Which of the following will not cut information?
1) Pressing Ctrl + C
2) Selecting Edit > Cut. from the menu
3) Clicking the cut button ont he standard
4) Pressing Ctrl + X
5) None of these

35.Computer connected to a LAN (Local Area Network) can
1) run faster
2) go on line
3) share information and / or share peripheral equipment
4) E-mail
5) None of these

36.A self replicating program, similar to a virus which was taken from a 1970s science fiction novel by John Bruner entitled the Shockwave Rider is ........
1) Bug
2) Vice
3) Lice
4) Worm
5) None of these

37.Unwanted repetitious messages, such as unsolicited bulk - e-mail is known as
1) Spam
2) Trash
3) Calibri
4) Courier
5) None of these

38.COBOL is widely used in ........... applications
1) Commericial
2) Scientific
3) Space
4) mathematical
5) None of these

39.VDU is also called
1) Screen
2) Monitor
3) Both 1 & 2
4) printer
5) None of these

40.What kind of software would you most likely use to keep track of billing account ?
1) Word Processing
2) Electronic Publishing
3) Spreadsheet
4) Web authoring
5) None of these

41.Test the validity of the statements ?
1) 1 KB = 1024 BYTES
2) 1 MB = 2048 BYTES
3) 1MB = 100 KILOBYTES
4) 1 KB = 1000 BYTES
5) None of these

42.Which of the following is not a computer language ? <br/>
1) BASIC
2) C++
3) C#
4) Java
5) Microsoft

43.Which among the following is a correct definition of "Digital Divide"?
1) gap between people having access to mobile and internet access
2) gap between people having access to internet / IT and no internet / IT
3) gap between people having access to broadband and narrowband internet
4) gap between people having access to internet banking and normal banking
5) gap between the people having an email account and no email account

44.Now a days Vishing has become a criminal practice of using social engineering over which of the following ?
1) Social networking sites
2) Mobile Phones
3) E-mail
4) Cyber cafes
5) All of the above

45.What is the fullform of W3C?
1) World Wide Web Consortium
2) World Wide Web Company
3) World Wide Web Center
4) World Wide Web Command
5) None of these

46.Which among the following is used for removing a software bug / defect which is available for free of cost from the software provider ?
1) Version
2) Update
3) Help
4) Patch
5) Syntax

47.In the MICR Code Line Structure what do represent the first three digits of Sort field number consisting of nine digits ?
1) City
2) Bank
3) Branch
4) Account Type
5) None of the above

48.Most of the internet banking sites provide which of the following feature to reduce the risk of keystroke logging for the password entry ?
1) Virtual keyboard
2) Finger Touching
3) Touchscreen
4) Shape Writer
5) Dasher

49.ADSL data communications technology uses which of the following for faster data transmission ?
1) Voiceband modem
2) Wireless Modem
3) Copper telephone Lines
4) Sockets
5) None of the above

50.What is the purpose of keeping electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices on Sleep mode ?
1) Reduce Power consumption
2) Back UP
3) To write contents of RAM to hard disc
4) To improve download speed
5) None of thea above

ANSWERS:
    1) 3    2) 4    3) 4    4) 2    5) 3    6) 2        7) 2    8) 1    9) 5    10) 2
11) 4    12) 2    13) 1    14) 2    15) 1    16) 4    17) 2    18) 4    19) 2    20) 3
21) 2    22) 4    23) 2    24) 4        25) 4    26) 3    27) 1    28) 1    29) 2    30) 4
31) 2    32) 1    33) 2    34) 1    35) 3    36) 4 37) 1    38) 1    39) 3    40) 3
41) 1    42) 5    43) 2    44) 2    45) 1    46) 4    47) 1    48) 1    49) 3    50) 1

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL PAPER

2011-11-22T13:00:00.000+05:30

1.Which command devides the surface of the blank disk into sectors and assign a unique address to each one
1) Ver
2) Format
3) Fat
4) Chkdsk
5) None of these

2.If you need to duplicate the entire disk, which command will you use ?
1) Copy
2) Diskcopy
3) Chkdsk
4) Format
5) None of these

3.A .............. sometimes called a boot sector virus, executes when a computer boots up because it resides in the boot sector of a floppy disk or the master boot record of a hard disk
1) system virus
2) Trojan horse virus
3) file virus
4) macro virus
5) None of these

4.A result of a computer virus can not lead to ......
1) Disk Crash
2) Mother Board Crash
3) Corruption o f program
4) Deletion of files
5) None of these

5.Every computer connected to an intranet or extranet must have a distinct .......
1) firewall
2) proxy server
3) IP address
4) domain name
5) None of these

6.Programming language built into user programs such as Word and Excel are known as ......
1) 4GLs
2) Macro languages
3) object-oriented languages
4) visual programming languages
5) None of these

7.Firewalls are used to protect against .......
1) unauthorized Attacks
2) virus Attacks
3) Data Driven Attacks
4) Fire Attacks
5) None of these

8.Which of the following extensions suggest that the file is a backup copy
1) Bak
2) Bas
3) Com
4) Txt
5) None of these

9.Computer programs are written in a high - level programming language; however, the human readable version of a program is called .......
1) cache
2) instruction set
3) source code
4) word size
5) None of these

10.The software tools that enable a user to interact with a computer for specific purposes are known as .......
1) Hardware
2) Networked Software
3) Shareware
4) Applications
5) None of these

11............... proessing is used when a large mail-order company accumulates orders and processes them together in one large set
1) Batch
2) Online
3) Real-time
4) Group
5) None of these

12.When a file contains instructions that can be carried out by the computer, it is often called a(n) ...... file
1) data
2) information
3) executable
4) application
5) None of these

13.A complier translates a program written in a high - level language into ........
1) Machine language
2) An algorithm
3) A debugged program
4) Java
5) None of these

14.A set of step - by - step procedures for accomplishing a task is known as a(n) .....
1) algorithm
2) hardware program
3) software bug
4) firmware program
5) None of these

15.A complete electronic circuit with transistors and other electronic components on a small silicon chip is called a(n) ......
1) Workstation
2) CPU
3) Magnetic disk
4) Integrated circuit
5) None of these

16.A saved document is referred to as a .....
1) file
2) word
3) folder
4) project
5) None of these

17.What is output ?
1) What the processor takes from the user
2) What the user gives to the processor
3) What the processor gets from the user
4) What the processor gives to the user
5) None of these

18.When you turn on the computer, the boot routine will perform this test ........
1) RAM test
2) Disk drive test
3) Memory test
4) Power - on self-test
5) None of these

19.Which of the following storage media provides sequential access only ?
1) Floppy disk
2) Magnetic disk
3) Magnetic tape
4) Optical disk
5) None of these

20.In word processing, an efficient way to move the 3rd paragraph to place it after the 5th paragraph is ........
1) copy and paste
2) copy, cut and paste
3) cut, copy and paste
4) cut and paste
5) None of these

21. Hardware includes ..........
1) all devices used to input data into a computer
2) sets of instructions that a computer runs or executes
3) the computer and all the devices connected to it that are used to input and output data
4) all devices involved in processing information including the central processing unit, memory and storage
5) None of these

22.The quickest and easiest way in Word, to locate a particular word or phrase in a document is to use the ....... command
1) Replace
2) Find
3) Lookup
4) Search
5) None of these

23.The term 'user interface' refers to ............
1) What the user sees on the screen and how they can interact with it
2) How the operating system responds to user commands
3) the means by which the user interacts with the peripheral devices on the computer
4) the monitor that is available for the computer
5) None of these

24.For creating a document, you use ........ command at File Menu.
1) Open
2) Close
3) New
4) Save
5) None of these

25.The .............. becomes different shapes depending on the task you are performing
1) Active tab
2) Insertion point
3) Mouse pointer
4) Ribbon
5) None of these

26.Specilizd programs that asist users in locating information on the Web are called ....
1) Information engines
2) Search engines
3) Web browsers
4) Resource locators
5) None of these

27.The background of any Word document ......
1) Is always white colour
2) Is the colour you presect under the Options menu
3) Is always the same for the entire document
4) Can have any colour you choose
5) None of these

28.Correcting errors in a program is referred to as .........
1) debugging
2) bugging
3) rectifying
4) modifying
5) None of these

29.Any letter, number, or symbol found on the keyboard that you can type into the computer ..........
1) output
2) character
3) type
4) print
5) font

30.A symbol or question on the screen that prompts you to take action and tell the computer what to do next ........
1) scanner
2) questionnaire
3) prompt and dialog box
4) information seeker
5) None of these

31.Commands at the top of a screen such as : FILE-EDIT-FONT-TOOLS to operate and change things within programs .....
1) menu bar
2) tool bar
3) user friendly
4) word processor
5) None of these

32.The primary device that a computer uses to store information ......
1) monitor
2) memory
3) disk
4) hard drive
5) None of these

33.A file extension is separated from the main file name with a(n) ......, but no spaces
1) questiion nark
2) exclamation mark
3) underscore
4) period
5) None of these

34.Application software is designed to accomplish .......
1) real -w orld tasks
2) computer-centric tasks
3) gaming tasks
4) operating system tasks
5) None of these

35.A ...... is a device that not only provdes surge protection, but also furnishes your computer with battery backup power during a power outage
1) surge strip
2) USB
3) UPS
4) battery strip
5) None of these

36.The term ............. designates equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance, its functionality
1) digitial device
2) system add-on
3) disk pack
4) peripheral device
5) None of these

37........... this is the act of copying or downloading a program from a network and making multiple copies of it.
1) Network piracy
2) Plagiarism
3) Software piracy
4) Site-license piracy
5) None of these

38.When installing ............., the user must copy and usually decompress program files from a CDROM or other medium to the hard disk
1) programming software
2) system hardware
3) applications hardware
4) applications software
5) None of these

39.Which one of the following would be considered as a way that a computer virus can enter a computer system ?
1) Opening an application previously installed on the computer
2) Borrowed an illegal copy of software
3) Viewing a website without causing any additional transctions
4) Running antivirus programs
5) None of these

40.Programs such as Mozila Firefox that serve as navigable windows into the Web are called ..........
1) Hypertext
2) Networks
3) Internet
4) Web browsers
5) None of these

41.What is the main difference between a mainframe and a super computer ?
1) Super computer is much larger than mainframe computers
2) Super computers are much smaller than mainframe computers
3) Supercomputers are focused to execute few programs as fast as possible while mainframe uses its power to execute as many programs concurrently
4) Supercomputers are focused to execute as many programs as possible while mainframe uses its power to execute few programs as fast as possible
5) None of these

42.What is the function of Recycle Bin ?
1) Store deleted file
2) Store temporary file
3) Store corrupted file
4) Store Document file
5) None of these

43.Which is the latest version of MS Office ?
1) Office XP
2) Windows XP
3) Office 2007
4) Office 2010
5) None of these

44.Which device can not be shared in network ?
1) Floppy
2) Keyword
3) Computer
4) Printer
5) None of these

45.What is the purpose of query ?
1) Input data
2) Output data
3) Sort & filter
4) All of above
5) None of these

46.Which port doesn't exist in computer ?
1) USB
2) Parallel
3) Com1 / Com2
4) RAW
5) None of these

47.What is the name of exel files ?
1) Workbook
2) Worksheet
3) Spreadsheet
4) Spread book
5) None of these

48.Workgroup means
1) Computers in network
2) Individual user
3) Individual computer
4) All of he above
5) None of these

49.Synonym can be reviewed with
1) Spelling and grammar
2) Thesaurus
3) Both
4) Synonym viewer
5) None of these

50.Which command allows you to reduce fragments of file and optimize the performance of disk ?
1) Scandisk
2) Diskcomp
3) Chkdsak
4) Defrag
5) None of these

ANSWERS:
    1) 2    2) 2    3) 5    4) 2    5) 2    6) 4        7) 1    8) 1    9) 3    10) 4
11) 1    12) 3    13) 1    14) 1    15) 4    16) 1    17) 4    18) 2        19) 2   20) 4
21) 4    22) 2    23) 1    24) 3        25) 3    26) 2    27) 4    28) 1    29) 2    30) 3
31) 1    32) 4    33) 5    34) 4    35) 3    36) 4 37) 3    38) 1    39) 2    40) 4
41) 3    42) 1   43) 4    44) 2    45) 4    46) 4    47) 1    48) 1        49) 2    50) 4

IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL PAPER

2011-11-21T22:48:00.000+05:30

1. Which operation is not performed by computer
1) Inputting
2) Processing
3) Controlling
4) Understanding
5) thinking

2. The computer that process both analog and digital is called
1) Analog computer
2) Digital computer
3) Hybrid computer
4) Mainframe computer
5) Super computer

3.A right click ont he desktop itself will ........
1) open the Display Properties dialog box
2) show a context - sensitive menu
3) open the Control Panel
4) minimize all open applications
5) None of these

4. The window which shows icons for things like the mouse, sound, and display is .......
1) My Computer
2) Explorer
3) Control Panel
4) Taskbar
5) Programs

5. ........... refers to a computer's ability to configure nd use a device without human interaction
1) CPU
2) Plug and Play
3) Cache
4) ALU
5) Format

6. This type of memory improves processing by acting as a temporary high - speed holding area between the memory and the CPU.
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) Cache memory
4) Flash memory
5) Virtual memory

7.These provide expansion capacbility for a computer system
1) sockets
2) slot
3) ports
4) both 2 and 3
5) all 1, 2, and 3

8. When was teh first Windows operating system launched ?
1) 1984
2) 1985
3) 1988
4) 1989
5) 1990

9.Today's computer giant IBM was earlier known by different name which was changes in 1924. What was that name ?
1) Tabulator Machine Co.
2) Computing Tabulating Recording Co.
3) The Tabulator Ltd.
4) International Computer Ltd.
5) None of these

10.    The process of starting a or restarting a compute system by loading instructions from a secondary sstorage device into the computer memory is called
1) Duping
2) Booting
3) Padding
4) CPS
5) None of these

11.What does the disk drive of a computer do ?
1) Rotate the disk
2) Read the disk
3) Load a program from the disk into the memory
4) Both 2 and 3
5) All 1, 2, & 3

12.IBM launched its first personal computer called IBM-PC in 1981. It had chips from Intel, disk drives from Tandon, operatng system from Microsoft, the printer from Epson and the application software from everywhere. Can you name the country which contributed the video display ?
1) India
2) China
3) Germany
4) Taiwan
5) Japan

13.In H2O the figure 2 appeared lowered. Which effect has been applied ?
1) Superscript
2) Lowered
3) Subscript
4) Laid down
5) None

14. A talptop or Notebook marked 802.11n in its feature, it means device support
1) Bluetooth
2) WiMAX
3) USB
4) Wi-Fi LAN
5) 3G

15.You Tube service fo streaming videos online is provided by
1) Google
2) Mirosoft
3) IBM
4) APPle
5) Sony

16. When using charaters in Windows, what code does Windows use ?
1) ASCII
2) UNICODE
3) MORSE
4) IDBC
5) WESTRN

17.Which is the latest type of primter interface ?
1) Serial
2) DVI
3) Parallel
4) USB
5) none

18.To produce a high - quality graphics (hardcopy) in color, you would want to use a
1) Virtual Printer
2) Laser Printer
3) Ink - jet Printer
4) Plotter
5) RGB Monitor

19.What is Mail-Merge ?
1) a web based e-mail service with no spam
2) a name of Yahoo! MINDSET search feature
3) a new virus-hoax which can delete data fro mail-inbox
4) a feature of MS-Word used to create multiple documents like letters, mailing labels, name tags etc.
5) None

20.The process of checking the validity of information held in a trasncation file is
1) Verification
2) Test data
3) Validation
4) Updating
5) None

21. A .......... shares hardware, software, and data among authorized users.
1) network
2) protocol
3) hyperlink
4) transmitter
5) None of these

22.Which of the following is not a function of teh control unit ?
1) Read instructions
2) Execute instructions
3) Interpret instructions
4) Direct operations
5) None of these

23.Software for organizing storage and retrieval of information is a(n) ..........
1) operating system
2) database
3) database program
4) data warehouse
5) None of these

24.Which of the following is not true about RAM?
1) RAM is a temporary storage area
2) RAM is the same as hard disk storage
3) RAM is volatile
4) Information stored in RAM is gone when you turn the computer off
5) None of these

25.The main directory of a disk is called the ...... directory
1) root
2) sub
3) folder
4) network
5) None of these

26.SUM (B1 : B8) is an example of a .........
1) function
2) formula
3) cell address
4) value
5) None of these

27.The most common input devices include .............. & .............
1) Monitor and keyboard
2) Monitor and mouse
3) Mouse and keyboard
4) Printer and mouse
5) None of these

28.What is the differene between a CD-ROM and a CD-RW ?
1) They are the same; just two different terms used by different manufacturers
2) A D-ROM can be written to and a CD-RW cannot
3) A CD-RW can be writen to, but a CD-ROM can only be read from
4) A CD-ROM holds more information than a CD-RW
5) None of these

29.Holding the mouse button down while moving an object or text is known as :
1) Moving
2) Dragging
3) Dropping
4) Highlighting
5) None of these

30. A ........ is a professionally designed document that can be adapted to the user's needs.
1) file
2) guide
3) template
4) user guide file
5) None of these

31.What is the intersection of a column and a row on a worksheet called ?
1) Column
2) Value
3) Address
4) Cell
5) None of these

32. ........ are often delivered to a PC through an e-mail attachment and are often designed to do harm
1) Viruses
2) Spam
3) Portals
4) Email messages
5) None of these

33.Documents converted to .......... can be published to the Web.
1) .doc file
2) http
3) machine language
4) HTML
5) None of these

34.All are included in removable media except the following
1) CD-ROMs
2) Diskette
3) DVDs
4) High disk drive
5) None of these

35.If you open some menu and then decide that you do not want to select soe option, then click the menu title again or press the key to layout the menu
1) shift
2) tab
3) escape
4) F1
5) None of these

36. Straight and Uniform margins on both the sides indicate that there is ....... in the document
1) full justification
2) full alignment
3) left justification
4) right justification
5) None of these

37.Which of the following terms is used for the form in which the word will appear on the page?
1) Text formatting
2) Character formatting
3) Point size
4) Type face
5) Layout

38................ Key combination that lets you toggle between open windows
1) ALT+SHIFT+TAB
2) ALT+CTRL+TAB
3) ALT+CTRL
4) ALT+TAB
5) None of these

39.The secondary storage memory is also called as
1) Auxiliary Memory
2) Attractive Memory
3) Chip Memory
4) Read Only Memory
5) None of these

40......... is known as unauthorized access into others system
1) Hacking
2) Encryption
3) Decryption
4) Trafficking
5) None of these

41. VIRUS stands for
1) Vital Information Recourse Under Siege
2) Vital Infomation Reason Under Siege
3) Vital Information Recourse Under System
4) Virus Information Recourse Under Siege
5) None of these

42.Which of the following mode we use to deliver e-mail
1) Postal
2) Courier
3) Computer
4) Fax
5) None of these

43.A person needs to design invitation card. What type of computer program is suitable ?
1) MS-Word
2) Desktop Publishing
3) Simulation
4) Accounting
5) None of these

44.The term that we use to describe physical components of the system
1) Hardware
2) Input
3) Software
4) Output
5) None of these

45.Which of the following is different from other ?
1) Internet
2) WIndows
3) Unix
4) Linux
5) None of these

46.QWERTY is used with reference to :
1) Monitor
2) Printer
3) Keyboard
4) Mouse
5) None of these

47.What is object of UPS ?
1) Using for storage
2) To increase the speed of a computer
3) Provids backup power
4) All of these
5) None of these

48. CPU capacity can be measured in
1) BPS
2) MIPS
3) MHz
4) MPI
5) KHz

49.In processing cheques which of the following I/O techniques have banks traditionally followed ?
1) OCR
2) MICR
3) Barcode
4) VRT
5) None of these

50. "Zipping" a fie means
1) Encrypting the message
2) Compressing the message
3) Transfer the message
4) All of these
5) None of these

ANSWERS:
    1) 4    2) 3    3) 1    4) 3    5) 2    6) 3        7) 4    8) 2    9) 2    10) 2
11) 4    12) 4    13) 3    14) 4    15) 1    16) 2    17) 4    18) 4        19) 4
20) 3    21) 1    22) 4    23) 3    24) 2    25) 1    26) 2    27) 3    28) 3    29) 2    30) 3
31) 4    32) 1    33) 4    34) 4    35) 3    36) 1   37) 1    38) 4    39) 1    40) 1
41) 1    42) 3 43) 3    44) 2    45) 1    46) 3    47) 3    48) 3        49) 2    50) 2

IBPC CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MODEL PAPER

2011-11-21T16:34:00.000+05:30

1.A normal CD-ROM usually can store up to ..........
1) 680 KB
2) 680 Bytes
3) 680 MB
4) 680 GB
5) None of these

2.Which programming languages are classified as low level languages ?
1) Basic, COBOL, FORTRAN
2) Prolog 2, Expert Systems
3) Knowledge based Systerms
4) Assembly Languages
5) None of these

3.Which of the following devices have a limitation that we can only store information to it but cannot erase or modify it ?
1) Floppy Disk
2) Hard Disk
3) Tape Drive
4) CDROM
5) None of these

4.Which of the following is the largst manufacturer of Hard Disk Drives ?
1) IBM
2) Seagate
3) Microsoft
4) 3M
5) None of these

5. The programs which are as permanent as hardware and stored in ROM is known as
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Firmware
4) ROM ware
5) None of these

6.To save a document in different location use :
1) Save
2) Save as
3) Save as web page
4) All of above
5) None of these

7.Which of the following is not an manufacturer of Hard Disk drives ?
1) Samsung
2) Interl
3) Seagate
4) Western Digital
5) None of these

8.The two basic types of record - access methods are
1) Sequential and random
2) Sequential and indexed
3) Direct and immediate
4) On-line and real time
5) None of these

9.A disadvantage of the laser printer is :
1) It is quieter than an impact printer
2) It is very slow
3) The output is of a lower quality
4) All of the above
5) None of these

10.Different components on the motherboard of a PC processor unit are linked together by sets or parallel electrical conducting lines. What are these lines called ?
1) Conductors
2) Buses
3) Connectors
4) Connectively
5) None of these

11.Which of the following professions has been affected by personal computers ?
1) Medical
2) Clerical and law
3) Accounting
4) All of the above
5) None of these

12.What is meant by a dedicated computer ?
1) Which is used by one person only
2) Which is assigned one and only one task
3) Which uses one kind of software
4) Which is meant for application software
5) None of these

13.A computer program that translates one program instructions at a time into machine language is called a / an
1) Interpreter
2) CPU
3) Compiler
4) Simulator
5) None of these

14.Instructions and memory address are represented by
1) Character code
2) Binary codes
3) Binary word
4) Partiy bit
5) None of these

15.As compared to diskettes, the hard disks are
1) More expensive
2) More portable
3) Less rigid
4) Slowly accessed
5) None of these

16.The secondary storage devices can only store data but they cannot perform
1) Arithmetic Operation
2) Logic operation
3) Fetch operstions
4) Either of the above
5) None of these

17. A physical connection between the microsprocessor memory and other parts of the microcomputer is known as
1) Path
2) Address bus
3) Router
4) All of the above
5) None of these

18.A group of magnetic tapes, videos or terminals usually under the control of one master is
1) Cyinder
2) Surface
3) Track
4) Cluster
5) None of these

19. Each model of a computer has a unique
1) Assembly of a computer
2) Machine language
3) High level language
4) All of the above
5) None of these

20.Which company is the biggest player in the microprocessor industry ?
1) Motorola
2) IBM
3) Intel
4) AMD
5) None of these

21.Which computer memory is used for storing programs and data currently being processed by the CPU ?
1) Mass memory
2) Internal memory
3) Non-volatile memory
4) PROM
5) None of these

22.Microprocessors can be used t make
1) Computer
2) Digital systems
3) Calculators
4) All of the above
5) None of these

23.The subject of cybernetics deals with the science of
1) Genetics
2) Control and communications
3) Molecular biology
4) Biochemistry
5) None of these

24.A term associated with the comparison of processing speeds of different computer system is :
1) EFTS
2) MPG
3) MIPS
4) CFPS
5) None of these

25.An integrated circuit is
1) A complicated circuit
2) An integrating device
3) Much costlier than a single transistor
4) Fabricated on a tiny silicon chip
5) None of these

26.Which command is used to set a name to a disk in DOS ?
1) VOLUME
2) VOL
3) LABEL
4) DISKLABEL
5) None of these

27. Which file starts MS Word ?
1) Winword.exe
2) Word.exe
3) Msword.exe
4) Word2003.exe
5) None of these

28.To get to the 'Symbol' dialog box, click on the ......... menu and choose 'Symbol'.
1) Insert
2) Format
3) Tools
4) Table
5) None of these

29.Superscript, subscript, outline, emboss, engrave are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

30.Shimmer, Sparkle text, Blinkng Background etc. are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

31.Which of the following is not availabel in Font Spacing ?
1) Normal
2) Loosely
3) Condensed
4) Expanded
5) None of these

32.Bold, Itali, Regular are known as
1) font styles
2) font effects
3) word art
4) text effects
5) None of these

33.If you begin typing an entry into acell and then realize that you don't want your entry placed into a cell, you 1) Press the Erase key
2) Press esc
3) Press the Enter button
4) Press the Edit Formula button
5) None of these

34.Which of the following will not cut information?
1) Pressing Ctrl + C
2) Selecting Edit > Cut. from the menu
3) Clicking the cut button ont he standard
4) Pressing Ctrl + X
5) None of these

35.Computer connected to a LAN (Local Area Network) can
1) run faster
2) go on line
3) share information and / or share peripheral equipment
4) E-mail
5) None of these

36.A self replicating program, similar to a virus which was taken from a 1970s science fiction novel by John Bruner entitled the Shockwave Rider is ........
1) Bug
2) Vice
3) Lice
4) Worm
5) None of these

37.Unwanted repetitious messages, such as unsolicited bulk - e-mail is known as
1) Spam
2) Trash
3) Calibri
4) Courier
5) None of these

38.COBOL is widely used in ........... applications
1) Commericial
2) Scientific
3) Space
4) mathematical
5) None of these

39.VDU is also called
1) Screen
2) Monitor
3) Both 1 & 2
4) printer
5) None of these

40.What kind of software would you most likely use to keep track of billing account ?
1) Word Processing
2) Electronic Publishing
3) Spreadsheet
4) Web authoring
5) None of these

41.Test the validity of the statements ?
1) 1 KB = 1024 BYTES
2) 1 MB = 2048 BYTES
3) 1MB = 100 KILOBYTES
4) 1 KB = 1000 BYTES
5) None of these

42.Which of the following is not a computer language ? <br/>
1) BASIC
2) C++
3) C#
4) Java
5) Microsoft

43.Which among the following is a correct definition of "Digital Divide"?
1) gap between people having access to mobile and internet access
2) gap between people having access to internet / IT and no internet / IT
3) gap between people having access to broadband and narrowband internet
4) gap between people having access to internet banking and normal banking
5) gap between the people having an email account and no email account

44.Now a days Vishing has become a criminal practice of using social engineering over which of the following?
1) Social networking sites
2) Mobile Phones
3) E-mail
4) Cyber cafes
5) All of the above

45.What is the fullform of W3C?
1) World Wide Web Consortium
2) World Wide Web Company
3) World Wide Web Center
4) World Wide Web Command
5) None of these

46.Which among the following is used for removing a software bug / defect which is available for free of cost from the software provider ?
1) Version
2) Update
3) Help
4) Patch
5) Syntax

47.In the MICR Code Line Structure what do represent the first three digits of Sort field number consisting of nine digits ?
1) City
2) Bank
3) Branch
4) Account Type
5) None of the above

48.Most of the internet banking sites provide which of the following feature to reduce the risk of keystroke logging for the password entry ?
1) Virtual keyboard
2) Finger Touching
3) Touchscreen
4) Shape Writer
5) Dasher

49.ADSL data communications technology uses which of the following for faster data transmission ?
1) Voiceband modem
2) Wireless Modem
3) Copper telephone Lines
4) Sockets
5) None of the above

50.What is the purpose of keeping electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices on Sleep mode ?
1) Reduce Power consumption
2) Back UP
3) To write contents of RAM to hard disc
4) To improve download speed
5) None of thea above

ANSWERS:

1) 3    2) 4    3) 4    4) 2    5) 3    6) 2        7) 2    8) 1    9) 5    10) 2
11) 4    12) 2    13) 1    14) 2    15) 1    16) 4    17) 2    18) 4        19) 2    20) 3
21) 2    22) 4    23) 2    24) 4        25) 4    26) 3    27) 1    28) 1    29) 2    30) 4
31) 2    32) 1    33) 2    34) 1    35) 3    36) 4      37) 1    38) 1    39) 3    40) 3
41) 1    42) 5   43) 2    44) 2    45) 1    46) 4    47) 1    48) 1        49) 3    50) 1

IBPS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs

2011-11-21T16:17:00.002+05:30

1. Who amongst the following is called the father of modern computing?
(A) charles babbage
(B) hollerith
(C) gottfried von leibnitz
(D) joesph M. jacquard
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

2. Which of the following is a circuit that issue signals at regular intervals...
(A) Circuit board
(B) Clock
(C) Circuit card
(D) Gates
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

3. ________ controls the way in which the computer system functions and provides a means by which users can interact with the computer
(A) The platform
(B) Application software
(C) Operating system
(D) The motherboard
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

4. Paper tape is an old-established method of storing data, which replaced.....in many application.
(B) Magnetic tape
(B) Punched card
(C) Cartridge tape
(D) Magnetic disk
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

5. A set of related programms are...
(A) File
(B) Arrays
(C) Package
(D) Subscripts
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

6.Which of the following is a list-processing high-level language...
(A) APL
(B) LISP
(C) PROLOG
(D) ADA
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

7. The 0 and 1 in the binary numbering system are called binary digits or ....
(A) bytes
(B) kilobytes
(C) decimal bytes
(D) bits
(E) nibbles
ANSWER: (D)

8. A monitor's ... is the distance between the holes in the mask behind the screen. This helps determine how sharp the dots appear.
(A) refresh rate
(B) dot pitch
(C) resolution
(D) colour depth
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

9.All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks Except _
(A) hackers
(B) spam
(C) viruses
(D) identify theft
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

10. A directly accessible appointment calendar is a feature of a ... resident package.
(A) CPU
(B) memory
(C) Buffer
(D) ALU
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

11.Which of the following code used in present day computing was developed by IBM corporation?
(A) ASCII
(B) Hollerith Code
(C) Baudot Code
(D) EBCDIC Code
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (D)

12.The first generation computer system used...
(A) Vacuum tubes
(B) Transistors
(C) Registers
(D) Magnetic cores
(E) Silicon chip
ANSWER: (A)

13. A term associated with the comparision of processing speeds of different computer system is...
(A) EFTS
(B) MPG
(C) MIPS
(D) CFPS
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

14. Accessing data on tapes is much ....... than that accessing data on disks.
(A) Slower
(B) Faster
(C) Same
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

15. A standard intended to connect relatively lowspeed devices such as keyboards, mice, modems and printers is
(A) Access bus
(B) Access time
(C) Connector
(D) Access story
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

16.The hardware in which data may be stored for a computer system is called
(A) Registers
(B) Bus
(C) Control unit
(D) Memory
(E) Chip
ANSWER: (D)

17.A byte consists of one group of 8 bits put together. What is the largest decimal number which can be represented by a byte?
(A) 128
(B) 256
(C) 255
(D) 118
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

18. The 7-bit ASCII code widely used
(A) For data communication work
(B) In IBM mainframe models
(C) For coding external memory
(D) In large machines produced by non-IBM vendors
(E) None of the above
ANSWER: (A)

19. Perforated paper used as input or output media is known as...
(A) Paper tape
(B) Magnetic tape
(C) Punched paper tape
(D) Card punch
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

20. The ____ directory is mandatory for every disk.
(A) Root
(B) Base
(C) Sub
(D) Case
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

21. The invention of the slide rule is attributed to..
(A) Babbage
(B) Oughtred
(C) Pascal
(D) Napier
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

22. Which of the following is not an advantage of magnetic disk storage.

(A) The access time of magnetic disk is much less than that of magnetic tape
(B) Disk storage is longer lasting than magnetic tape
(C) Disk storage is less expensive than tape storage
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (E)

23. Zip disks are referred as....
(A) Primary memory
(B) Secondary memory
(C) Register
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

24. Two write a data one uses...
(A) CD-ROM drive
(B) CD-R drive
(C) Record player
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (B)

25. The memory sizes in mainframe computers and advanced technology micro computer are expressed as
(A) Bytes
(B) Kilo-bytes
(C) Bits
(D) Megabytes
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (D)

26.A byte is comprised of
(A) One bit
(B) Four bits
(C) Eight bits
(D) Sixteen bits
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

27.A hard copy would be prepared on a
(A) Line printer
(B) Dot matrix printer
(C) Type writer terminal
(D) Plotter
(E) All of the above
ANSWER: (E)

28.A prefix for billion which is equal to .... is called as billi.
(A) 100
(B) 10000
(C) 1000
(D) 10
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (D)

29. Which of the following animations cannot be done in PowerPoint ?
(A) bullet list, revealed one bullet point at a time
(B) clip art - Fly in from the bottom
(C) table, revealed row by row
(D) chart, revealed by series
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

30. In MS-Excel, what displays the contents of the active cell ?
(A) Namebox
(B) RowHeadings
(C) Formulabar
(D) Taskpane
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

31. Several views are available in MS Front Page. Which one of the following is NOT a valid view ?
(A) Design View
(B) Folders View
(C) Navigation View
(D) Web Server View
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (D)

32. An electronic device that is capable of accepting encoded data at its input and generating unencoded data at its output is
(A) Modem
(B) Joystick
(C) Decoder
(D) Plotter
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (C)

33. A communication protocol that converts noisy data links into communication channels free of transmission errors is known as
(A) Data link protocol
(B) Data link
(C) Data medium
(D) Data model
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

34. One of the components of central processing unit (CPU) of the computer that performs mathematical and logical operations is ...
(A) ALU (arithmetic logical unit)
(B) Address register
(C) Analog
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (A)

35. In Assembly language....
(A) Mnemonics are used to code operations
(B) Alphanumeric symbols are used for addresses
(C) Language lies between high-level language and machine language
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
ANSWER: (D)

IBPS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011-11-20T13:41:00.000+05:30

1.The instructions that tell a computer how to carry out the processing tasks are referred to as computer .........
1) programs
2) processors
3) input devices
4) memory modules
5) None of these

2.An area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed is ..........
1) CPU
2) Memory
3) Storage
4) File
5) None of these

3. To select or unselect one word to the right
1) CTRL + SHIFT
2) CTRL + SHIFT + UP Arrow
3) CTRL + SHIFT + Down Arrow
4) CTRL + SHIFT + Right Arrow
5) None of these

4. To maximize or restore a selected window
1) CTRL + F7
2) CTRL + F10
3) CTRL + F8
4) CTRL + F9
5) None of these

5. To Copy a picture of the selected window to the clipboard
1) ALT + TAB
2) Ctrl + TAB
3) ALT + Print Screen
4) Both (1) and (2)
5) None of these

6. .......... is the key to close a selected drop - down list; cancel a comm-and and close a dialog box.
1) TAB
2) SHIFT
3) ESC
4) F10
5) None of these

7. ......... is the key we use to run the selected command.
1) SHIFT
2) TAB
3) ENTER
4) CTRL
5) None of these

8. ............ is the functional key to display save-as box.
1) F5
2) F6
3) F9
4) F12
5) None of these

9. ............ is the combination of keys to switch between the last four places that you have edited
1) ALT + CTRL + Z
2) ALT + CTRL + Y
3) ALT + TAB + Z
4) ALT + SHIFT + Z
5) None of these

10. ............ is the Keyboard shortcut key to insert auto sum
1) ALT
2) ALT=
3) ALT+
4) ALT–
5) ALT+CTRL

11.Data becomes ................ when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use
1) processed
2) graphs
3) information
4) presentation
5) None of these

12. The term ............. designates equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality.
1) digital device
2) system add-on
3) disk pack
4) peripheral device
5) None of these

13.    A ............ is a microprocessor - based computing device.
1) personal computer
2) mainframe
3) workstation
4) server
5) None of these

14.    RAM can be thought of as the ......... for the computer's processor
1) factory
2) operating room
3) waiting room
4) planning room
5) None of these

15.    Which of the following are the functions of a operating system
1) Allocates resources
2) Monitors Activities
3) Manages disks and files
4) All of the above
5) Only 1 and 2

16.    To move a copy of file from one computer to another over a communication channel is called ?
1) File transfer
2) File encryption
3) File modification
4) File copying
5) None of these

17.    The primary function of the ............ is to set up the hardware and load and start an operating system
1) System Programs
2) BIOS
3) CP
4) Memory
5) None of these

18.    What kind of memory is both static and non - volatile ?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) BIOS
4) CACHE
5) 5) None of these

19.    .......... is computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide platform for running application software
1) Application software
2) System software
3) Software
4) Operating system
5) None of these

20.    The ......... is the amount of data that a storage device can move from the storage medium to the Computer per second
1) data migration rate
2) data digitizing rate
3) data transfer rate
4) data access rate
5) None of these

21.    A device, which is not connected to CPU, is called as .......
1) land-line device
2) On-line device
3) Off-line device
4) Device
5) None of the above

22.    What is the other name for programmed chip?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) LSIC
4) PROM
5) None of these

23.    On-line real time systems become popular in ........... generation
1) First Generation
2) Second Generation
3) Third Generation
4) FOurth Generation
5) None of thes

24.    You use a(n) ....., such as a keyboard or mouse, to input information
1) output device
2) input device
3) storage device
4) processing device
5) None of these

25.    ............ is the ability of a device to "jump" directly to the requested data
1) Sequential access
2) Random access
3) Quick access
4) All of the above
5) None of these

26.    ............ provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously
1) Multitasking
2) Multithreading
3) Multiprocessing
4) Multicoputing
5) None of these

27.    The task of performing operations like arithmetic and logical operations is called ......
1) Processing
2) Storing
3) Editing
4) Sorting
5) None of these

28.    The ALU and Control Unit joinly known as
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) CPU
4) PC
5) None of these

29.    RAM is an example of
1) Secondary memory
2) Primary memory
3) Main memory
4) Both (1) and (2)
5) None of these

30.    Magnetic disk is an example of
1) Secondary memory
2) Primary meory
3) Main memory
4) Botha (1) and (2)
5) None of these

31.    Which one of the following is NOT a computer language /
1) MS-Excel
2) BASIC
3) COBOL
4) C++
5) None of these

32.    Each memory cell has a unique number, assigned to it is called as the ....... of the cell
1) Address
2) Register
3) Number
4) Path
5) None of these

33.    RAm is also called as
1) Read / Write Memory
2) Long Memory
3) Permanent Memory
4) Primary Memory
5) None of these

34.    ............ Store data or information temporarily and pass it on as directed by the control unit
1) Address
2) Register
3) Number
4) Memory
5) None of these

35.    Select the Odd one
1) Operating system
2) Interpreter
3) Compiler
4) Assembler
5) None of these

36.    A ............ is an additional set of commands that the computer displays after you make a selection from the main menu
1) dialog box
2) submenu
3) menu selection
4) All of the above
5) None of these

37.    COBOL is an acronym for .............
1) Common Business Oriented Language
2) Computer Business Oriented Language
3) Common Business Operated Language
4) Common Business Organized Language
5) None of these

38.    All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks EXCEPT
1) hackers
2) Spam
3) viruses
4) identity theft
5) None of these

39.    Which of the following is NOT one of the four major data processing functions of a computer?
1) gathering data
2) processing data into information
3) analyzing the data or information
4) storing the data or information
5) None of these

40.    All of the following are examples of storage devices EXCEPT :
1) hard disk drives
2) printers
3) floppy disk drives
4) CD drives
5) Pen drives

41.    The CPU and memory are located on the :
1) expansion board
2) motherboard
3) storage device
4) output device
5) display board

42.    .............. is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do
1) Nanoscience
2) Nanotechnology
3) Simulation
4) Aritificial intelligence (Al)
5) None of these

43.    Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a :
1) networkd
2) mainframe
3) supercomputer
4) client
5) internet

44.    When creating a computer program, the ......... designs the structure of the program
1) End user
2) System Analyst
3) Programmer
4) All of the above
5) None of these

45.    A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time is called a/ an
1) interpreter
2) simulator
3) characters
4) numbers
5) None of these

46.    Computers process data into information by working exclusively with :
1) multimedia
2) words
3) characters
4) numbers
5) None of these

47.    The difference between people with access to computers and the Internet and those without this access is known as the :
1) digital divide
2) Internet divide
3) Web divide
4) broadband divide
5) None of these

48.    Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is calld ......
1) upgrading
2) processing
3) batching
4) utilizing
5) None of these

49.    The ability to recover and read deleted or damaged files from a criminal's computer is an example of a law enforcement speciality called:
1) robotics
2) simulation
3) computer forensics
4) animation
5) None of these

50.    Where does most data go first with in a computer memory hierarchy ?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) BIOS
4) CACHE
5) None of these

ANSWERS:
    1) 1    2) 2    3) 4    4) 2    5) 3    6) 3        7) 3    8) 4    9) 1    10) 2
11) 3    12) 4    13) 1    14) 3    15) 4    16) 1    17) 2    18) 2        19) 2
20) 3    21) 3    22) 2    23) 3    24) 2        25) 2    26) 1    27) 1    28) 3    29) 2    30) 1
31) 1    32) 1    33) 1    34) 2    35) 1    36) 1   37) 1    38) 2    39) 3    40) 2
41) 2    42) 4    43) 2    44) 2    45) 3    46) 4    47) 1    48) 2        49) 3    50) 1

COMPUTER KNOWLWDGE QUESTIONS FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-17T07:43:00.000+05:30

1. The earliest calculating devices are?
a) Clock
b) Difference Engine
c) Abacus
d) Calculator

2. The basic operations performed by a computer are?
a) Arithmetic Operations
b) Logical Operations
c) Storage and relative
d) All of the above

3. The man who built the first Mec-hanical Calculator was?
a) Joseph Marie Jacquard
b) John Mauchly
c) Blaise Pascal
d) Harward Ailken

4. Punched cards were first introduced by?
a) Powers
b) Pascal
c) Jacquard
d) Herman Hollerith

5. LSTs(Large Integration) used in?
a) First generation
b) Second generation
c) Third generation
d) Fourth generation

6. What is MS Word?
a) A game
b) An Operating System
c) Word Processing Software
d) Typing tutor software

7. MS Excel is a?
a) Window based word processor package
b) Window based spreadsheet package
c) DOS based spreadsheet package
d) Window based accounting package

8. Power Point can display date from which of the following add-in software of MS-Office?
a) Equation Editor
b) Organization Chart
c) Photo Album
d) All of these

9. The first network that planted the seeds of Internet was?
a) ARPANET
b) NSF net
c) V net
d) I net

10. Abbreviation www in www.yahoo.com, stands for?
a) World Word in Wonder
b) World Wide Web
c) World Web is Widening
d) Wonderful World Web

11. What is Active Desktop?
a) A term that is synonymous with viewing your desktop as a web page
b) A feature to customize your desktop to display informat-ion you can update from the Internet.
c) Both (a) and (b) above mentioned.
d) Software

12. Active Window means?
a) The active window is designated by a different color toolbar than other open windows.
b) The window that currently open
c) Both (a) and (b) above mentioned
d) The window that is last used

13. A bitmap is?
a) Is a format which windows use for desktop wallpaper?
b) A graphic file format made up of small dots.
c) A specific kind of bitmap file with the BMP extention.
d) All of the above.

14. Which of the following printers generates character from a grid?
a) Inkjet
b) Laser
c) Daisy wheel
d) Dot matrix

15. Close Button?
a) When clicked will close the dialog box, document or program displayed in the window.
b) Is located at the right top end of the title bar of most Win-dows.
c) Implies for the small button with an X on it
d) All of the above

16. A dialog box is a one?
a) Which is a sort of on-screen from where you can fill in the blanks, make selections from lists and chose various combinations of options and settings.
b) In which you can connect to another Internet user and establish an audio and video contact using Microsoft Word.
c) In which you can give verbal commands to Microsoft Word menu
d) All of the above

17. A letter, memo, proposal or other file that is created using Microso-ft Word is called as?
a) Master
b) Slide
c) Document
d) Worksheet

18. The meaning of double-click is?
a) Pushing and releasing the main mouse button twice in rapid succession when the on-tree mouse pointer is positioned over the desired item
b) Appearance of an icon
c) To take a selection from the document and move it to the clipboard
d) All of the above

19. A folder: (A) is an organizational tool used to store files.(B) is synonymous with directory, but folder is the newer preferred term (C)contains data?

a) A only
b) B only
c) C only
d) None of the above

20. Commercially produced first computer?
a) IBM
b) MIPS
c) UNIVAC
d) EDSAC

21. Banks and other big organizations requiring large data storage use?
a) Laptop PC's
b) Desktop PC's
c) Mainframe Computer
d) Workstation

22. High Level Language useful for the beginners is?
a) BASIC
b) PASCAL
c) FORTRON
d) COBOL

23. For Scientific work the most popular language is?
a) PASCAL
b) FORTRON
c) COBOL
d) PROLOG

24. Which is not the portable computer?
a) Micro-processor
b) Calculator
c) Series Computes
d) Parallel Computers

25. OBJECT ORIENTED language is?
a) ADA
b) PROLOG
c) PASCAL
d) FORTRAN

26. Information is?
a) Summarization process of data
b) Data Information
c) Textual form of data
d) Facts and figures

27. Total memory of system can be known using?
a) DIR commands
b) MEM commands
c) Warm boot
d) TOT MEM commands

28. For running WINDOW minimum disk free space required is?
a) 8 MB
b) 10 MB
c) 16 MB
d) 32 MB

29. The first graphical web browser are?
a) Gopher
b) WAIS
c) CERN
d) Mosaic

30. The programs used to view web pages are called?
a) Clients
b) Server
c) Browser
d) Programmer

31. FTP means?
a) File Transfer Protocol
b) File Telnet Protocol
c) Fast Track Processing
d) Fine Tunning programs

32. Which among the following is faster than Main Memory?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) Cache
d) None of the above

33. Semi Conductor Memory is known as?
a) RAM
b) ROM
c) PROM
d) EPROM

34. In which generation computers IC have been used?
a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth

35. High level language is?
a) Machine Independent
b) Machine dependent
c) (a) And (b) are true
d) (a) And (b) are false

36. Hypertext is?
a) Text stored in the memory of the computer
b) Text displayed on the screen of the computer
c) Special text used in developing Internet developing package
d) A system of managing textual Information by creating associations between different documents

37. Information on a computer is sto-red in the form of?
a) Files
b) Folders
c) Directory
d) Data dictionary

38. TCP is?
a) Transfer control protocol
b) Transfer control process
c) Transmission control protocol
d) Transmission control process

39. Every computer on the Internet is known as?
a) Host
b) Client
c) Modem
d) Server

40. Fax machines are used to send documents through a?
a) Telephone line
b) Modems
c) Co-axial Wire
d) All of these

41.The term overflow means?
a) An excess of Internal storage
b) An excess of external storage
c) A situation where record cannot fit in to its right place
d) A device, which controls the level of humidity in the computer room.

42. In computer science, by Informa-tion we mean?
a) Any output coming out from computer
b) A report printed by computer
c) Processed data put in intelligent form
d) Plural of data

43. Which of the following are parts of the CPU?
a) Secondary Memory
b) Control unit
c) Input device
d) Printer

44. The purpose of an application program is to?
a) Meet specific user needs
b) Make equivalent run better
c) Allow the operating system to control resources better
d) Convert program written in high-level language to machine level language

45. Micro computers are?
a) 8 bit
b) 16 bit
c) 32 bit
d) Either 8 or 16 bit

ANSWERS:

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (d) 15. (d) 16. (a) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (c)
31. (a) 32. (c) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (a) 36. (d) 37. (a) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (a)
41. (a) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (a) 45. (d)

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MCQs FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-16T20:14:00.000+05:30

1. ______Is the most widely used medium for telecommunications

a) Twisted Pair

b) Coaxial Cable

c) Optical Fiber

d) None

2. ______Is widely used medium of communication for cable television systems

a) Twisted Pair

b) Coaxial Cable

c) Optical fiber

d) None

3. ______Cable consists of one or more filaments of glass fiber wrapped in protective layers that

carries data by means of pulses of light

a) Twisted Pair

b) Coaxial Cable

c) Optical fiber

d) None

4. ______Is a computer network used for communications among computers and different information technological devices close to one person

a) Personal Area Network

b) Local Area Network

c) Metropolitan Area Network

d) Wide Area Network

5. ______Is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics

and constraints

a) Data base

b) Data Model

c) E_R Model

d) None

6. Association among two or more entities called

a) Entity

b) Entity set

c) Relationship

d) Degree of relation

7. DDL stands for

a) Data Definition Language

b) Data Delete Language

c) Data Device Language

d) Database Definition Language

8. SDL stands for

a) Storage Definition Language

b) Save Definition Language

c) Storage Database Language

d) Shortcut Definition Language

9. DML stands for

a) Date Manipulation Language

b) Database Manipulation Language

c) Data Manuscript Language

d) Data Manipulation Language

10. ____Is the language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organized by appropriate

data model

a) DML

b) SDL

c) DDL

d) All of the above

11. ____Is the language to specify the internal schema. (This language may specify the mapping between two schemas)

a) DML

b) SDL

c) DDL

d) None of the above

12. All candidate keys excluding the primary key are known as

a) Compound key

b) Partial key

c) Alternative key

d) None of the above

13. The user commands that are used to interact with a database is called as

a) Query

b) Interaction

c) Command

d) Instruction

14. The updates that are applied to database before it becomes effective in real world

a) Retroactive update

b) Proactive update

c) Simultaneous update

d) All of the above

15. The updates that are applied to database after it becomes effective in real world

a) Retroactive update

b) Proactive update

c) Simultaneous update

d) All of the above

16. The updates that are applied to database at the same time when it becomes effective in real

world?

a) Retroactive update

b) Proactive update

c) Simultaneous update

d) All of the above

17. Match the following (select the test by using the key board)

a) A word from its beginning to its end

b) A paragraph from its begging to its end

c) The entire document

1. CTRL+ DOWN ARROW

2. CTRL+LEFT ARROW

3.CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHTARROW

a) a-3,b-1,c-2

b) a-3,b-2,c-3

c) a-3,b-2,c-1

d) a-2,b-3,c-1

18. Match the following (Move through your document)

a) One character to the left

b) One character to the right

c) One word to the left

d) One word to the right

1. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW

2. CTRL+LEFT ARROW

3. RIGHT ARROW

4. LEFT ARROW

a) a-4,b-3,c-2,d-1

b) a-4,b-2,c-3,d-1

c) a-1,b-3,c-4,d-2

d) a-2,b-1,c-3,d-4

19. Match the following (To move)

a) One paragraph down

b) To the beginning of a document

c) To the end of a document

d) Up one screen at a line

e) Down one screen at a time

1. CTRL+END

2. PAGE DOWN

3. CTRL+HOME

4. CTRL+DOWN ARROW

5. PAGE UP

a) a-5,b-3,c-1,d-4,e-2

b) a-4,b-3,c-2,d-5,e-1

c) a-3,b-4,c-1,d-5,e-2

d) a-4,b-3,c-1,d-5,e-2

20. In a word document Red underline indicates

a) Possible spelling error/word doesn't recognize a word

b) Word thinks that grammar should be revised

c) A word is spelled correctly, but does not seem to be the correct word sentence

d) All of the above

21. In a word document Green underline indicates

a) Possible spelling error/word doesn't recognize a word

b) Word thinks that grammar should be revised

c) A word is spelled correctly, but does not seem to be the correct word sentence

d) All of the above

22. In a word document Blue underline indicates?

a) Possible spelling error/word doesn't recognize a word

b) Word thinks that grammar should be revised

c) A word is spelled correctly, but does not seem to be the correct word sentence

d) All of the above

23. By default the Microsoft word document will be saved into a folder called

a) Desktop

b) My documents

c) D drive

d) Personal folder

24. What is the default file name for the word document?

a) Taken from the text at the start of the document

b) Word document

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

25. In word-2010____is the key to see numbers and letters displayed over icons, tabs or commands towards the top of your screen?

a) Ctrl key

b) Tab key

c) Alt key

d) None of the above

26. ____ Is the keyboard shortcut key to close the word program

a) Alt+F4

b) Alt+F5

c) Alt+F6

d) Alt+F7

27. How will you remove all formatting added to your documents (such as bold, italics, and underline etc.)

a) Save

b) Save as plain text file

c) Save as

d) All of the above

28. _____Is the file format we can use to distribute the document to some one using totally different word processing program from a different software manufacturer, such as word perfect

a) Word document (.doc)

b) Rich Text Format (.RTF)

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

29. _____Is the Icon to magnify or reduce the display

a) Print layout

b) Zoom

c) View

d) All of the above

30. Match the following

a) Cut 1. CTRL+C

b) Copy 2. CTRL+V

c) Paste 3. CTRL+X

a) a-1, b-3, c-2

b) a-2, b-1, c-3

c) a-3, b-1, c-2

d) a-3, b-2, c-1

31. What is text formatting?

a) Formatting characters and words with in a document

b) Saving the word document

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

32. By default MS-Word 2010 uses a font called

a) Arial

b) Times New roman

c) Tahoma

d) Caliber

33. Superscript refers to____

a) Characters displayed below the line of the normal text

b) Characters displayed above the line of the normal text

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None

34. Subscript refers to ___

a) Characters displayed below the line of the normal text

b) Characters displayed above the line of the normal text

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None

35. (a+b)2 is an example for ----

a) Subscript

b) Superscript

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None

36. CO2 is an example for ---

a) Subscript

b) Superscript

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None

37. You need to find a particular word or phrase and replace this item with alternative text, what is

the keyboard shortcut key

a) Ctrl+G

b) Ctrl+P

c) Ctrl+H

d) Ctrl+F

38. _____Is the path to create Header/Footer

a) Insert/Header & Footer

b) File/Header & Footer

c) Edit/Header & Footer

d) None of the above

39. __ Is the path to create footnotes

a) References/footnote

b) Insert/footnote

c) Edit/footnote

d) None

40. _____ Is the path to save a document in PDF format

a) Edit/Save as/PDF/Save

b) File/Save as/PDF/Save

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

ANSWERS:

1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) d 10) a 11) b 12) c 13) a 14) b 15) a 16) c 17) a 18) a 19) d 20) a 21) b 22) c 23) b 24) a 25) c 26) a 27) b 28) b 29) b 30) c 31) a 32) d 33) b 34) a 35) b 36) a 37)c 38) a 39) a 40) b

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

2011-11-14T21:11:00.002+05:30

1. A terabyte comprises

(a) 1024 gigabyte

(b) 1024 kilobyte

(d) 1024 byte

2. The access time refers to

(a) Time required to locate and retrieve stored data

(b) Time required to locate the lost data

(d) None of the above

3. Select the smallest memory size.

(a) Terabyte

(b) Gigabyte

(d) Megabyte

4. The type of RAM that works by staying on the row containing the requested bit and moves faster

through the columns reading each bit as it goes is

(a) DDR SDRAM

(b) SDRAM

(d) RDRAM

5. The ROM chip which can be rewritten several times and requires the action of ultraviolet radiations to

erase its contents is

(a) Flash memory

(b) PROM

(d) EPROM

6. The type of memory that uses in-circuit wiring to erase the content by applying electric field is

(a) PROM

(b) Flash memory

(d) EEPROM

7. Dynamic memory is also called as

(a) Internal processor memory

(b) Primary memory

(d) Non-volatile memory

8. The memory which is utmost accessible to the processor is

(a) Cache memory

(b) RAM

(d) Flash memory

9. The storage device that has high cost per bit of storage is

(a) SDRAM

(b) Cache memory

(d) Hard disk

10. The dual-port version of DRAM formerly used in graphics adaptors is

(a) FPM DRAM

(b) EDO DRAM

(d) DDR SDRAM

11. The secondary storage device that follows the sequential mode of access is

(a) Optical Disk

(b) Magnetic Disk

(d) None of these

12. FPI stands for

(a) Faults per inch

(b) Frames per inch

(d) Film per inch

13. The most common type of floppy size is

(a) 3½-inch

(b) 5¼-inch

(d) None of these

14. A spiral shape track formatting is present in

(a) Floppy Disk (b) Optical Disk

15. A floppy can be write protected by

(a) Breaking the slider

(b) Positioning the slider to cover the hole

(d) A floppy cannot be write protected

16. Rotational delay time is also known as

(a) Seek time

(b) Shift time

(d) Access time

17. The average drives have an access time of

(a) 14-29 ms

(b) 9-14 ms

(d) None of these

18. In which kind of disk does the read/write head physically touches the surface?

(a) Hard Disk (b) Compact Disk

19. RAID stands for

(a) Reproduce Array of Intelligent Disks

(b) Reproduce Array of Inexpensive Disks

(d) Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

20. CD-ROM is a kind of

(a) Optical disk

(b) Magneto-Optical disk

(d) None of these

ANSWERS

1. (a)

2. (a)

3. (c)

4. (b)

5. (d)

6. (d)

7. (d)

8. (a)

9. (b)

10. (c)

11. (c)

12. (b)

13. (a)

14. (b)

15. (c)

16. (c)

17. (b)

18. (c)

19. (d)

20. (a)

COMPUTER KNOWLWDGE FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-10T10:20:00.000+05:30

1. ----- Controls access to the resources on a network
a) Server
b) Client
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

2. The wider the bus, the ---- the transfer of data
a) Greater the number of transfer steps required and the slower
b) Greater the number of transfer steps required and the faster
c) Fewer the number of transfer steps required and the slower
d) Fewer the number of transfer steps required and the faster

3. A micro second is --- of a second
a) One-trillionth
b) One-millionth
c) One-billionth
d) None of the above

4. The ---- format works best for images that have only a few distinct colors
a) GIF
b) MPEG
c) JPEG
d) Both (b) and (c)

5. Some large businesses use ---- to open communications among employees, customers, and/or vendors
a) Blog
b) Mails
c) LAN Network
d) None of the above

6. When the computers power is turned off ---- memory does not lose its contents
a) Volatile
b) Non-volatile
c) Cache memory
d) Flash memory

7. --- Is needed to access accounts, to pay the bills, to transfer money from one account to another account
a) On-line Banking facility
b) Good relations with customers
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

8. Which of the following is used as storage locations both the ALU and in the control sections of a computer?
a) Accumulator
b) Register
c) Adder
d) Decoder

9. Accumulator is a ?
a) Hardwired unit
b) Sequential circuit
c) Finite state machine
d) Register

10. Which memory is non-volatile and may be written only once?
a) RAM
b) EPROM
c) EEPROM
d) PROM

11. The communication mode that supports data in both directions?
a) Simplex b) Half-duplex
c) Full-duplex
d) None of the above

12. To connect a computer with a device in the same room, you might be likely to use?
a) Coaxial cable
b) Optical fiber
c) Wireless
d) None of the above

13. A table consists of?
a) Fields and columns
b) Rows and columns
c) Rows and cells
d) None of the above

14. Which of the following is an advantage of the database approach?
a) Elimination of data redundancy
b) Ability to associate related data
c) Increase security
d) All of the above

15. When the same data field is stored more than once in a file, then it leads to?
a) Data redundancy
b) Data inconsistency
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

16. ----Means database updating
a) Changing the file structure
b) Re-organizing the database
c) Modifying or adding records
d) All of the above

17. Which of the following is the descending order of data hierarchy?
a) File-Database-Field-Record-Byte-Bit
b) Database-File-Record-Field-Byte-Bit
c) Database-Record-File-Field-Byte-Bit
d) Database-Field-File-Record-Bit-Byte

18. Which of the following groups contains graphical file extensions
a) JPG, CPX, GCM
b) GIF, TCF, WMF
c) TCP, JPG, BMP
d) JPG, GIF, BMP

19. A package, which can be used for a short period before purchasing, it is termed as?
a) Try and Buy
b) Freeware
c) Shareware
d) Borrow ware

20. Which one of the following is the main function of a driver file?
a) Useful to open windows
b) Enables a specific device to work
c) To re-start the system
d) To activate the system

21. A proxy server is used as the computer?
a) With external access
b) Acting as a backup
c) Performing file handling
d) Access user permissions

22. ---- Prevents external access to a system
a) Gateway
b) Firewall
c) Router
d) Switcher

23. A list of rules for transferring data over a network is called?
a) Protocol
b) Program code
c) Rules
d) Flowchart

24. Which of the following is a valid e-mail address?
a) Authors.sakshi@gmail.com
b) @Gmailsakshi.authors.com
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of the above

25. Which of the following is not a network topology?
a) Star
b) Bus
c) Linear
d) Ring

26. ---- Types of virus that stays permanently in the RAM memory
a) Resident
b) File infectors
c) Boot virus
d) Macro virus

27. ---- Is the Virus that overwrite the files or a few parts being replaced?
a) Resident
b) File infectors
c) Boot virus
d) Macro virus

28. In 1983, this person was the first to offer a definition of the term 'computer virus'?
a) MC Fee
b) Smiths
c) Cohen
d) Norton

29. If you see a small red triangle in the top right corner of a cell, it means there is something attached to the call. What is it?
a) A comment
b) An attachment
c) An error
d) None of the above

30. Which function would be the best to use to calculate the payout value of a term deposit?
a) FV
b) NPV
c) IRR
d) PV

31. Sigma button is used for?
a) Totaling a Column or row
b) It is a mathematical function
c) Subtracting
d) None of the above

32. What is the correct syntax for typing a function into a cell?
a) Equal sign, Function Name, Matching brackets
b) Function Name, Equal sign, Matching brackets
c) Equal sign, Matching brackets, Function Name
d) None of the above

33. What does 'ctrl +esc' do if I am at the desktop?
a) Shows the start menu
b) Shows the format menu
c) Shows the tools menu
d) Shows the insert menu

34. In most Microsoft programs, what does 'alt+f4' do?
a) Ends the program
b) Opens the program
c) Run the program
d) Modify the program

35. In MS-Word 'alt+shift+d' does what?
a) Automatically inserts the date
b) Inserts the time
c) Inserts the day
d) None of the above

36. ---- Deletes an item immediately without placing it in the recycle bin.
a) Shift +enter
b) Shift +delete
c) Shift +right arrow
d) Shift +left arrow

37. --- Function key refreshes the current window
a) F5
b) F6
c) F7
d) F8

38. To minimize all open windows and display the desktop?
a) Windows logo +D
b) Windows logo + E
c) Windows logo + F
d) Windows logo + G

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-05T22:11:00.001+05:30

1. Buffer is device/storage area–
1. Where data are temporarily stored
2. Where data is permanently stored
3. Where data error occurs
4. All of the above
5. None of these

2. A network geometric arrangement in which a single connecting line is shared by a number of nodes is called–
1. Car Topology
2. Bus Topology
3. Truck Topology
4. All of the above
5. None of these

3. An error in a computer program is referred as–
1. Bug
2. Bit
3. Virus
4. All of the above
5. None of these

4. Circuits that provide a communication path between two or more devices of a digital computer system is–
1. Car
2. Bus
3. Truck
4. All of the above
5. None of these

5. A fixed number of adjacent bits that represent a particular character or symbol are referred as–
1. Byte
2. Octal
3. Bubble
4. All of the above
5. None of these

6. Cache memory is a–
1. Small buffer storage
2. Permanent storage
3. Main memory
4. All of the above
5. None of these

7. The total number of digits (symbols) available to represent numbers in a positional number system is referred as–
1. Number system
2. Base
3. Power
4. All of the above
5. None of these

8. Cache memory is–
1. Smaller and faster than main storage
2. Bigger and slower than main storage
3. Smaller but slower than main memory
4. Bigger and faster than main memory
5. None of these

9. Cache memory–
1. Is a Static RAM
2. Increases the speed of processing by making current programs and data available to the CPU at a rapid rate
3. Both 1. and 2. are true .
4. Both 1. and 2. are false
5. None of these

10. Following is false for BASIC–
1. Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
2. High-level interactive programming language
3. Works in time sharing environment
4. Low level object oriented language
5. None of these

11. A unit for measuring data transmission speed that describes the capacity of a carrier is referred as–
1. Baud
2. Bit
3. Bond
4. All of the above
5. Batch

12. A process of trying out a new product by independent users before it is finally manufactured/developed–
1. Alpha test
2. Beta Test
3. Gamma test
4. All of the above
5. None of these

13. A selection, choice, or condition involving two possibilities is referred as–
1. Unary
2. Binary
3. Octal
4. All of the above
5. None of these

14. Base band System is–
1. A networking system
2. Where the channel support a single digital signal
3. Both 1. and 2. are true
4. All of the above
5. None is true

15. One of the early coding systems, based on the idea of converting each digit of a decimal number into its binary equivalent rather than converting the entire decimal value into a pure binary form is–
1. ASCII code
2. BCD
3. ASCII-8
4. All of the above
5. None of these

16. In Batch processing–
1. Several computer programs runs one after another without human interaction to run each program individually
2. Several computer programs runs one after another with human interaction to run each program individually
3. Selected computer programs runs one after another with human interaction to run each program individually
4. All of the above
5. None is true

17. BISYNC is–
1. Binary synchronous
2. A process of transmitting data
3. A half-duplex, character oriented, synchronous data communication transmission method
4. All of the above
5. None of these

18. A device that is used to transmit data from one location to another is referred as–
1. Storage
2. Memory
3. Carrier
4. All of the above
5. None of these

19. Programs developed by an outside supplier and provided to the user in a machine readable form is known as–
1. Canned programs
2. Beta program
3. Alpha program
4. All of the above
5. None of these

20. A binary numbers are represented by–
1. Digits 0 and 1
2. Digits 0, 1, ..., 8
3. Digits AB, C,...
4. All of the above
5. None of these

21. BIOS is responsible for
1. Handling the particulars of input/output operations
2. Output operations
3. Input operations
4. All of the above
5. None of these

22. BIOS is an abbreviation for–
1. Basic Input/Basic Output
2. Binary synchronous
3. Binary digit
4. All of the above
5. None of these

23. BISYNC is an abbreviation for–
1. Binary Input/Binary Output
2. Binary synchronous
3. Binary digit
4. All of the above
5. None of these

24. The overall design, construction, organiz-ation and interconnecting of the various components of a computer system is referred as–
1. Computer Architecture
2. Computer Flowchart
3. Computer Algorithm
4. All of the above
5. None of these

25. A number system with a base of two is referred as–
1. Unary number system
2. Binary number system
3. Octal number system
4. All of the above
5. None of these

Answers:

1. (1) 2. (2) 3. (1) 4. (2) 5. (1) 6. (1) 7. (2) 8. (1) 9. (3) 10. (4) 11. (1) 12. (2) 13. (2) 14. (3) 15. (2) 16. (1) 17. (4) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (1) 21. (1) 22. (1) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (2)

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-05T22:08:00.001+05:30

1. A digital communication system capable of interconnecting, a large number of computers, terminals and other peripheral devices within a limited geographical area is called–
1. LAN
2. WAN
3. Internet
4. All of the above
5. None of these

2. A secondary storage device that uses a long plastic strip coated with a magnetic material as a recording medium is–
1. Magnetic tape
2. Compact disk
3. Hard disk
4. All of the above
5. None of these

3. An E-mail protocol for storage, manage-ment and change, especially in corporate offices–
1. Message handling service
2. Postal service’s
3. Data storage
4. All of the above
5. None of these

4. Which of the following is an advantage of stored programs?
1. Reliability
2. Reduction in operation costs
3. The computers becoming general-purpose
4. All of the above
5. None of these

5. Which of the following is not true for primary storage?
1. It is a part of the CPU
2. It allows very fast access of data
3. It is relatively more expensive then other storage devices.
4. Can be removed and transported.
5. All of the above

6. Function of control unit in the CPU is–
1. To decode program instructions
2. To transfer data to primary storage
3. To perform logical operations
4. To store program instructions
5. All of the above

7. Electronic spreadsheets are useful in situation where relatively .......... data must be input
1. Small
2. Large
3. No
4. All of the above
5. None is true

8. A list of options from which a program user can select anyone in order to perform a desired action is referred as–
1. Menu
2. Index
3. Directory
4. All of the above
5. None of these

9. A method whereby messages to be transmitted between computers are all sent to a central computer, which gathers them and routes them to the appropriate destination(s) is known as–
1. Message switching
2. Message delete
3. Message accept
4. All of the above
5. None of these

10. Which of the following describe one or more characteristics of a modem computer?
1. An electronic device
2. A mechanical device
3. A electro-mechanical device
4. All of the above
5. None of these

11. Combining records from two or more ordered files into a single ordered file is called–
1. Menu
2. Merging
3. Taking
4. All of the above
5. None of these

12. The ascending order of a data hierarchy is
1. Bit-byte-record-field-file-database
2. Byte-bit-field-record-file-database
3. Byte-bit-record-file-field-database
4. Bit-byte-field-record-file-database
5. All of the above

13. A LSI chip contains the entire CPU of computer except main memory is called–
1. Microprocessor
2. Hard disk
3. Input device
4. Output device
5. All of the above

14. A storage medium that loses its contents in the event of power failure is called–
1. Volatile storage
2. Non volatile storage
3. Permanent storage
4. All of the above
5. None of these

15. One-millionth of a second is referred as–
1. Microsecond
2. Millisecond
3. Hour
4. Minute
5. All of the above

16. Alternate facilities of programs, data files, hardware equipments, etc. used in case the original one is destroyed, lost, or fail to operate is–
1. Backup
2. Forehead
3. Delete
4. All of the above
5. None of these

17. One-thousandth of a second is called–
1. Microsecond
2. Millisecond
3. Hour 4. Minute
5. All of the above

18. The CPU (central processing unit) consists of
1. Input, output, and processing
2. Control unit, primary storage, and secondary storage
3. Control unit, arithmetic-logic unit, and primary storage
4. All of the above
5. None of these

19. The product of data processing is–
1. Data
2. Information
3. Software
4. Computer
5. All of the above

20. The input device used by computer is–
1. Motherboard
2. Central processing unit
3. Keyboard
4. System unit
5. All of the above

21. The structure of interconnecting of nodes of
a computer network is referred as–
1. Network topology 2. Internet
3. Local Area Network
4. Wide Area Network
5. All of the above

22. Nible is–
1. Double of byte
2. Half of byte
3. Ten times of byte
4. Five times of byte
5. All of the above

23. Multiprogramming is the–
1. The inter-leaved execution of two or more different and independent programs by the same computer
2. The execution of single by the different computers
3. The inter-leaved execution of two or more different and independent programs by the different computers
4. All of the above
5. None of these

24. A facility available in an operating system that allows multiple functions from the same application package is referred as–
1. Multi-threading
2. Multi-programming
3. Multi-processing
4. All of the above
5. None of these

25. Narrowband channel is a communication channels–
1. That handle low volumes of data
2. Used mainly for telegraph lines and low
speed terminals
3. Both 1. and 2.
4. All of the above
5. None of these

26. Following is the example of Network–
1. LAN
2. WAN
3. Internet
4. All the above
5. None of these

27. Peer-to-peer is a description–
1. Of communications between two dissimilar devices
2. Of communications between two equal devices
3. Of communications between two different devices
4. All of the above
5. None of these

28. Non-document files are–
1. Pure ASCII files that can be listed for any word processing software
2. Non ASCII files that can be listed for any word processing software
3. Pure ASCII files that can be listed for specific word processing software
4. Non ASCII files that can be listed for pecific word processing software
5. All of the above

29. The method of dividing a physical channel into many logical channels so that a number of independent signals may be simultaneously transmitted on it is referred as–
1. Multithreading
2. Multiprocessing
3. Multiplexing
4. All of the above
5. None of these

30. An interconnected computer configura-tions or computers with two or more independent CPUs that have the ability to simultaneously execute several programs is called–
1. Multithreading
2. Multiprocessing
3. Multiplexing
4. All of the above
5. None of these

31. Following is not a non-impact printer–
1. Thermal printer
2. Ink-jet printer
3. Laser printer
4. Dot-matrix printer
5. All of the above

32. A number system with a base of 8 is referred as–
1. Binary
2. Decimal
3. Octal
4. All of the above
5. None of these

33. Devices converts digital signals to Sine waves at the sending end and back to digital signals at the receiving end is called–
1. Modem
2. Telephone
3. Mobile phone
4. All of the above
5. None of these

34. Dividing a project into segments and smaller units in order to simplify the analysis, design and programming effort is referred as–
1. Monitoring
2. Modular approach
3. Microprocessing
4. All of the above
5. None of these

35. The technique where digital signals are converted to its analog form for transmission over an analog facility is called–
1. Modulation
2. Digitization
3. Multiprocessing
4. All of the above
5. None of these

36. Multiprocessor is a computer system–
1. Where many CPU under a common control
2. Consisting of more than one input devices under common control
3. Where many output devices under
4. All of the above
5. None of these

37. The point at which the flow of text in a document moves to the top of a new page–
1. Page break
2. Page insert
3. Page format
4. All of the above
5. None of these

38. Technique to implement virtual memory where memory is divided into units of fixed size memory is–
1. Paging
2. De-fragments
3. Segmentation
4. All of the above
5. None of these

39. An adder where all the bits of the two operands are added simultaneously–
1. Parallel adder
2. Half adder
3. Full adder
4. All of the above
5. None of these

40. An extra bit added to a string of bits that enables the computer to detect internal errors in the transmission of binary data–
1. Parity bit
2. Byte
3. Nibble
4. All of the above
5. None of these

41. Password is–
1. Code by which a user gains access to a computer system
2. Pass for viewing movie
3. Entrance without paying something
4. All of the above
5. None of these

42. PL 1 (Programming Language One) is–
1. High level programming language
2. Low level programming language
3. Machine language
4. Assembly language
5. All of the above

43. Pascal is–
1. A high-level programming language
2. Named after Blaise Pascal
3. Named after mathematician that facilitates structured programming techniques
4. All of the above
5. None of these

44. Storage device where time to retrieve stored information is independent of address where it is stored is called–
1. Random access memory (RAM)
2. Primary memory
3. Secondary memory
4. All of the above
5. None of these

45. Octal number system has a base–
1. Two
2. Four
3. Eight
4. Ten
5. All of the above

46. Since input and output devices are on the edge of the main processing therefore they are referred as–
1. Peripheral devices
2. Processing devices
3. Personal devices
4. All of the above
5. None of these

47. A system changeover method where complete changeover to the new system takes place incrementally over a period of time is referred as–
1. Phased replacement
2. Block replacement
3. Complete replacement
4. All of the above
5. None of these

48. One trillionth of a second is–
1. Pico second
2. Mille second
3. Micro second
4. Minute
5. All of these

49. Following is of Non-vo a storage device
1. Magnetic tape
2. Compact disk
3. Floppy disk
4. All of the above
5. None of these

50. A storage medium that retains its contents even in the absence of power is referred as–
1. Non-volatile storage
2. Volatile storage
3. Secondary storage
4. Primary storage
5. None of these

ANSWERS:

1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (1) 5. (1) 6. (4) 7. (1) 8. (2) 9. (1) 10. (1)
11. (1) 12. (2) 13. (4) 14. (1) 15. (1) 16. (1) 17. (1) 18. (2) 19. (3) 20. (2)
21. (3) 22. (1) 23. (2) 24. (1) 25. (1) 26. (4) 27. (4) 28. (2) 29. (1) 30. (3)
31. (2) 32. (3) 33. (3) 34. (1) 35. (2) 36. (1) 37. (1) 38. (1) 39. (1) 40. (1)
41. (1) 42. (1) 43. (1) 44. (4) 45. (3) 46. (3) 47. (1) 48. (1) 49. (1) 50. (4)

BANK EXAMS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE STUDY MATERIAL

2011-11-05T10:21:00.002+05:30

1. Which of the following are the major components in a computer
a) CPU, CD_Rom, Mouse, Keyboard
b) Memory, Video card, Monitor
c) Modem, Printer, Screen
d) CPU, Memory, System bus, Input H/w, Output H/w

2. How the information is transformed from one component to another component in a system?
a) System bus
b) Memory
c) Keyboard
d) Monitor

3. MS-Access, MS-Foxpro is the examples of what type of software?
a) Spread Sheet
b) Presentation Software
c) Database Management
d) None of the above

4. Windows operating system have
a) Graphical User Interface
b) Command based Interface
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

5. ___ Allows more data to be stored on a disk?
a) Data Compression
b) Disk Defragmentation
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

6. A text-based language with codes or tags used for developing web pages is called?
a) Java
b) HTML
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

7. CASE stands for?
a) Computer Aided Software Engineering
b) Common Aided Software Engineering
c) Computer Access Software Engineering
d) Computer Aided Software Engine

8. The primary job of the information system is?
a) Data collection
b)Data transfer
c) Transform inputs to information
d) None of the above

9. ___ Is the software that allows the computer to interact with users and hardware?
a) System Software
b) Application software
c) Development software
d) None of the above

10. This type of boot occurs when the computer is already on, and you restart it without turning off the power?
a) Generic boot
b) Live boot
c) Warm boot
d) Cold boot

11. A concentric ring on a hard disk is referred to as a?
a) Track
b) Sector
c) Table
d) None of the above

12. Which of the following best describes the purpose of generating a flowchart as part of the design of a computer program?
a) To test and maintain the efficiency of the overall program
b) To present the steps needed to solve the programming problem
c) To ensure that all methods are appropriately linked
d) To determine the necessary number of global and local variables

13. Which of the following would best facilitate the expansion of a computer program?
a) Incorporation of diagrams into the design documents
b) Minimal use of global variables in the source code
c) Construction of methods that are highly dependent on one another
d) Extensive use of functions, that support the debugging process

14. ___ Is/are the steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task?
a) Data
b) Instructions
c) Information
d) Documentation

15. A computer contain many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as?
a) Software
b) Input devices
c) Output devices
d) Hardware

16. ___ Is the most widely used coding scheme used to represent data
a) ASCII
b) Unicode
c) EBCDIC
d) Multi code

17. ___ Is the most common type of volatile memory?
a) ROM
b) CMOS
c) Flash Memory
d) RAM

18. A ___ is equal to approximately 1 million bytes?
a) Kilobytes
b) Mega bytes
c) Giga bytes
d) Tera bytes

19. Two categories of software are?
a) Operating System & System Software
b) Utility Programs
c) System software and Utility Programs
d) System software and Application Software

20. Notebook computers?
a) Can run on batteries or standard power supply
b) Are less expensive than a desktop with similar capabilities
c) Facilities are less
d) None of the above

21. The world's largest computer network is?
a) Internet
b) Intranet
c) LAN
d) MAN

22. Transaction Processing Systems are the basic business systems that serve which level of the organization?
a) Middle level
b) Senior level
c) Operational level
d) None of the above

23. In batch processing?
a) Transactions are processed immediately in batches
b) Transactions are accumulated in batches until it is time to process them
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

24. Which of the following is the most powerful computer?
a) Mainframe computer
b) Micro computer
c) Super computer
d) Mini computer

25. A program written in a machine language is called ___ program?
a) Object
b) Computer
c) Assembler
d) High level

26. A collection of wires that connects several devices is called?
a) Link
b) Bus
c) Cable
d) Port

27. The fastest type of memory is?
a) Tape
b) Semi conductor memory
c) Disk memory
d) Bubble memory

28. Which of the following translator program coverts assembly level language program to object program?
a) Assembler
b) Complier
c) Micro processor
d) Linker

29. Barcodes stores information by using?
a) Dots b) Thick and thin lines
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

30. Which of the following are the main problems in File Management System?
a) Data redundancy
b) Difficulty in updating
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

31. In a database related fields are grouped to form?
a) Record
b) File
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above

32. Which of the following parts of a computer is necessary to enable it to play music?
a) Sound cards
b) CD-Ram
c) MIDI interface
d) Serial interface

33. Which one of the following printers is suitable for printing sprocket fed carbon copies?
a) Laser
b) Dot matrix
c) Ink jet
d) None of the above

34. To be effective a virus checker should be?
a) Replaced regularly
b) Never updated
c) Updated regularly
d) None of the above

35. Passwords enable users to?
a) Get into the system quickly
b) Make efficient use of time
c) Retain confidentiality of files
d) Simplify file structure

36. Automated transaction for the purchase of goods over the Internet is called?
a) E-Shopping
b) Web-Purchase
c) E-Commerce
d) Web-Shopping

37. Which one of the following would be the best to use to produce hundreds of letters at a time with same matter to different addresses?
a) Personal information
b) Email group
c) DTP
d) Mail merge

38. A:\ refers to?
a) A file name
b) Root directory
c) Hard drive
d) None of the above

39. Which of the following input device would be best suited to capturing images for use with a personal computer?
a) Digital camera
b) Graphics tablet
c) Touch Screen
d) Optical Mark Reader

40. The concept of "Zero Administ-ration" is associated with?
a) Network computer
b) Mini computer
c) Micro computer
d) None of the above

ANSWERS:
1) d 2) a 3) c 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) c 9) a 10) c 11) a 12) b 13) b 14) b 15) d 16) a 17) d 18) b
19) d 20) a 21) a 22) c 23) c 24) c 25) a 26) b 27) b 28) a 29) b 30) c 31) b 32) a 33) b 34) c
35) c 36) c 37) d 38) b 39) d 40) a

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE MCQs FOR BANK EXAMS

2011-11-04T00:45:00.001+05:30

1. A framwork in which circuit boards can be mounted is...
(A) Switch circuit
(B) Chip
(C) Card cage
(D) Bar code
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

2. A convolutional code that is prone to catastrophic error propagation is...
(A) Mnemonics
(B) Gray code
(C) machine code
(D) Catastrophic code
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

3. Which one of the following input device is user-programmable?
(A) Dumb terminal
(B) Smart terminal
(C) VDT
(D) Intelligent terminal
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

4. The barcode which is used on all types of items, is read by a scanning device directly into the computer. What is the name of this scanning device?
(A) Laser scanner
(B) Wand
(C) OCR
(D) MICR
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

5. A Plastic card similar to a credit card but having some memory and a microprocessor embedded within it is (A) Punched paper tape
(B) Chip card
(C) Card punch
(D) Magnetic tape
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

6. The category of operating system that you most likely have running on your PDA computer is a ____________ operating system.
(A) real-time
(B) single-user, single-task
(C) single-user, multi-task
(D) multi-user, multi-task
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

7. Which of the following is an example of a real-time operating system?
(A) Lynx
(B) MS DOS
(C) Windows XP
(D) Symbian
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

8. A real-time operating system is most likely to be used for which of the following tasks?
(A) Controlling access to a shared printer in a network
(B) Ensuring that the system clock works correctly on a server
(C) Managing the access to system files in a laptop computer
(D) Controlling the fuel injection system of an automobile engine
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

9. An essential difference between the operating system that runs a typical desktop computer and the operating system that runs a typical PDA is that
(A) the desktop OS has a graphical user interface whereas the PDA OS does not
(B) the desktop OS can run several programs simultaneously whereas the PDA OS cannot
(C) the desktop OS manages hardware resources whereas the PDA OS does not
(D) the desktop computer has an OS whereas a PDA does not
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

10.To set a register or counter to the all-zero-state is...
(A) Rerun
(B) Reset
(C) Remote
(D) Release
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

11.A set of information that defines the status of resources allocated to a process is...
(A) Process control
(B) ALU
(C) Register Unit
(D) Process description
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

12. A family of polynomial block codes designed to correct burst errors is known as
(A) Bar codes
(A) Gray codes
(C) Fire codes
(D) mnemonics codes
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

13. The MS-DOS operating system is a
(A) graphical user interface, single-tasking operating system
(B) graphical user interface, multi-tasking operating system
(C) command-driven interface, single-tasking operating system
(D) command-driven interface, multi-tasking operating system
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

14. Which of the following was an early desktop operating system that included an integrated graphic user interface with point-and-click features?
(A) MS-DOS
(B) Mac OS
(C) Unix
(D) Gnome
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

15.CD-ROM can store upto ____ MB of data
(A) 600 MB
(B) 400 Floppy disk
(C) 320 MB
(D) Both (A) and (B)
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

16. The most recent version of the Mac OS is based on the ____________ operating system
(A) Windows
(B) Linux
(C) Unix
(D) CMOS
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

17. The ____________ operating system was initially created in the early 1970s at AT&T’s Bell Labs.
(A) Linux
(B) DOS
(C) Unix
(D) GNU
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

18. The essential difference between an operating system like Linux and one like Windows is that
(A) Windows can run with an Intel processor, whereas Linux cannot
(B) Linux is proprietary, whereas Windows is not
(C) any programmer can modify Linux code, which is not permitted with Windows
(D) there are multiple versions of Linux, but only one version of Windows
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

19. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of open-source operating systems over proprietary versions?
(A) Free use and distribution
(B) Availability of technical support
(C) Availability of source code
(D) Ability to modify code
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

20. Use of icons and windows are characteristic of a ________ interface
(A) command-driven
(B) windows-oriented
(C) graphical-user
(D) menu-driven
(E) None of these
Answer: (C)

22. The invention of the slide rule is attributed to ...
(A) Babbage
(B) Oughtred
(C) Pascal
(D) Napier
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

23. The main purpose of the offline device is...
(A) To reduce the no.of operator errors in recording data
(B) To save computer time
(C) To save floor space in the cimputer centre
(D) All of the above
(E) None of these
Answer: (B)

24. The ability of an operating system to control the activities of multiple programs at the same time is called
(A) multitasking
(B) multi-processing
(C) multi-operating
(D) multi-paging
(E) None of these
Answer: (A)

25.A computer assisted method for the recording and analysing of existing hypothetical systems is known as
(A) Distributed processing
(B) Data transmission
(C) Data link
(D) Data flow
(E) None of these
Answer: (D)

COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY FOR IBPS EXAMS

2011-11-02T11:56:00.001+05:30

Application: Application is another term for software program; basically a program you use on a computer, like Word, TurboTax, Outlook, etc.
Bandwidth: A measurement of a data line's transmission speed, or the amount of data a network can transfer from one computer to another in a given amount of time.
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System. This term is used to refer to ROM BIOS chip inside the computer. This chip starts and manages the computer bootup process.
Bootstrap Loader: A small program that manages a computer boot up process until the operating system can take over. The bootstrap loader’s only job is to load other software, usually in a sort of sequential chain up to the point when the operating system can get loaded into memory and start. The name "bootstrap loader" comes from the idea that the computer is pulling itself up by its "bootstraps".
Broadband: A bandwidth term that means a data line that will allow large amounts of data to be transferred very quickly. Basically a broadband line will be much, much faster than an old dial-up line.
Burn: To “burn” a CD or DVD means to write data files to it using a special piece of hardware.
Bus: A collection of (usually copper) wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another. You can think of a bus as a "highway" on which data travels within a computer.
Cable vs DSL: Cable and DSL are types of broadband data lines. Cable internet access uses the same lines that bring cable television cable to your house, and DSL (Which stands for Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of high speed data compression which runs over plain old telephone service (POTS) lines.
CMOS: A type of computer chip which is able to operate with a very small amount of electricity from a battery. The term also refers to the contents of a CMOS chip within the computer, which holds information about the computer boot devices, the date and time and its peripherals even while the system is turned off.
Computer Resource: This is a general computer terminology for the components that comprise the processing flow of a computer, including the memory, CPU, etc. You might hear someone say "this program is a resource hog", meaning it takes up a lot of the computer processing ability, and might make the computer run slower overall.
CPU: This stands for Central Processing Unit, and it can mean the box that holds the guts of the computer, or the processor “brain” of the computer. The CPU is the place where all the computer calculations happen.
CPU Sink: CPUs heat up as they work. A CPU sink is a mechanism to keep the CPU cool while it does its calculations. It usually consists of a cooling fan and an aluminum heat sink which draws the heat away the CPU chip.
Defrag: Computers write information to a hard drive by filling in open places on the drive. They don’t write files all in one big block, which means your Word document might be spread out all over your hard drive.
To defrag your computer means to basically rearrange the files on your computer’s hard drive so that file parts are closer together. Once rearranged, the computer will take less time to access the files. Defragging is usually recommended to speed up a slow computer.
Hard Drive: This is the central storage space for your computer. Almost always, the hard drive is designated as C: drive. If the drive is partitioned (i.e., split up into different sections), there might also be a D: drive.
IP address: IP (Internet Protocol) addresses are assigned to each and every computer on a TCP/IP network. They work like your home address. Mail or any other package could not get to you if you had no address.
IP addresses basically insure that data on a network goes where it is supposed to go. IP addresses look something like this: 192.168.1.25.
ISP: Internet Service Provider: This would be the company that provides your internet access.
Malware: a general term for any malicious piece of software, such as a virus, worm, or trojan.
Mother Board: The green board inside of a computer that allows all of the internal computer components to interact. Some would call it the "heart" of the computer. It routes data to and from all the other parts, including the CPU chip, the RAM, the power supply, etc.
Network Interface Card (NIC): This is a part of the computer that allows it to talk to other computers (aka, a network) via a network “protocol” or language like TCP/IP.
Operating system: This is the basic software that a computer runs on. Windows 98, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Linux, Unix, and Apple’s Mac OS X Leopard are all operating systems.
Peripherals: This is a general term for computer add-ons like printers, mice, keyboards, scanners, monitor, etc..
POST: This stands for Power On Self Test. When you first turn on a computer, it checks to make sure all its parts are working; it makes sure a keyboard is attached, that memory loads, and that in general, its hardware is working and ready to load the operating system. This test is called the POST.
Processor chip (or just processor): This is the brain of the computer. You’ve probably heard the commercials for the "Intel" chip or the "Xeon" chip. They are talking about the "brain" of the computer, which does all the calculations and task processing.
RAM: this stands for Random Access Memory and is used generically as “memory”. This is the memory on a computer that allows you to hold and run a program so that you work with it on the monitor. More RAM is better.
At the risk of repeating myself, RAM is dependent on electricity, meaning it is cleared or reset when the computer's power is turned off.
So when your computer loses power or freezes up while you are writing an unsaved document, the document is lost. Train yourself to remember to press Control + S to save your documents when you are working on them. Saving them writes them to the hard drive where they will stay when the computer is turned off.
ROM: Read Only Memory. Usually seen in conjunction with BIOS, as in ROM BIOS. Usually a chip onto which the information is permanently burned. Also denotes memory that can be accessed and read, but not written to.
Routine: A series of instructions written to complete a specific but limited computing task.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. These are the basic data transmission protocols on which the internet and most commercial networks run.
Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS): A constantly charging battery which will act as a fail safe if the electricity shuts down while you are using your computer.
In the event of a total power failure, a UPS usually has just enough charge to power your computer for the time it takes you to save your work and shut down safely.
URL: Universal Resource Locater. The address of any website on the internet. For instance, my website home page has a URL of http://www.sensible-computer-help.com.
Worm: A worm is a virus that does not infect other programs. It makes copies of itself, and infects additional computers, usually via network connection. It does not attach itself to other programs, but it might alter, install, or destroy files and programs. It's also used in computer terminology as a short word any malware in general.

COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY

2011-11-02T11:52:00.002+05:30

Application Files
Program files environment where you can create and edit the kind of document that application makes.
Click
To select an object by pressing the mouse button when the cursor is pointing to the required menu option, icon or hypertext link.
Close
To close a window that has been opened for viewing and / or editing.
Computer
A general-purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently.
Central Processor Unit (CPU)
This term has two meanings (just to confound beginners, you understand)
1) Central Processor Unit--the main chip on the computer that makes everything go.
2) The box that holds the guts of the computer.
A faster CPU is always better than a slower one. You can never have too fast of a CPU.
Crash
Your computer or application no longer works correctly and so you "loose" all the work you've done since the last time you saved.
Creating A File
Storing data as a file with an assigned file name that is unique within the directory it resides in.
Delete
To remove an item of data from a file or to remove a file from the disk.
Desktop
An on-screen representation of a desktop such as used in the Macintosh and Windows operating systems.
Dialog Boxes
Takes over your screen and allows you to "dialog" with the computer.
Directory (AKA Folder, sub-directory)
Allows you to organize files and other folders.
Disk Space
This is the place where your files live. The greater the disk space the more files you can keep. (See also Megabytes)
More disk space is always better than less. You can never have much disk space.
Documents
Files you create and edit.
Document Files
Files we care about (memos, letters, pictures, etc.)
Double Click
To press the mouse button twice in rapid succession without moving the mouse between clicks.
Drag
To move an object on screen in which its complete movement is visible from starting location to destination.
Edit
To make a change to existing data.
File Cabinet
Metaphorically, the hard drive (and other kinds of storage media like floppy disks) which store files and folders.
Folder (AKA Directory, Sub-Directory)
Allows you to organize files and other folders.
Folder Icons
Collections of documents and other folders.
Icons
In a graphical user interface (GUI), a small, pictorial, on screen representation of an object, such as a document, program, folder or disk drive.
Icon View
Allows you to see icons of folders and files primarily as icons with little information.
Keyboard
This if the primary text input device. It also contains certain standard function keys, such as the Escape key, tab, and arrow keys, shift and control keys, and sometimes other manufacturer-customized keys.
Kilo (K)
This is a unit of measure = 1,000. So 1,000 bytes is a KiloByte.
List View
Shows the icons but also orders the icons (often by name, but can sort the list in other ways) and shows more information about them.
Macintosh
The brand name of a family of personal computers (hardware) and an operating system (software) from Apple, introduced in 1984.
Megabytes (Mb)
Mega = million so Mb is 1,000,000 bytes. It's enough information for the computer to store one character (e.g. "h"), so 1mb text file = 1,000,000 keystrokes in that file. Just to confound the masses, although RAM and Disk Space do something completely different we measure both in megabytes. This leads to confusion.
MegaHertz (Mhz)
This stands for MegaHertz. A hertz is an electronics term. 1 hz = one cycle (or wavelength) per second. 1 megahertz = 1,000,000 cycles per second.
In computer jargon, Mhz measures how *fast* your CPU chip runs. Although it's more important to know the chip than the speed, if you're comparing the same kind of CPU chip then a higher / faster CPU speed (measured in MHz) is better than a slower speed.
Menu
Displays a list of commands, some with images next to them.
Modifier Keys
Keys that change the meaning of what you type.
Mouse
Pointing device that allows you to tell the computer what to do.
Operating System (OS)
System software that allows your computer to work.
Pointer (AKA Cursor)
The name of the arrow (or other shape) that tracks across the screen as you move the mouse (or other pointing device) around.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
This stands for Random Access Memory. You can think of this as the "space" where you computer does its processing. The more space you have the more processes you can run at the same time. More RAM is always better than less. You can never have much RAM.
Recycle Bin
Place where you put files and folders that you may later want to delete or get rid of. Compare Trash.
Resize Box
Allows you to change the size and shape of a window.
Right click
To press the right button on the mouse. (This is Windows specific. On a Mac running System 8 or higher, you hold down the Control key and then click to get the same effect.)
Save
Tell the computer to create a file on disk that has the information you've put into the document (usually typing).
Save As
Give the file a name and/or store the file in a certain place.
Scroll bar
Allows you to move around through your document.
Shut down
To quit all applications and turn off the computer.
Software
Instructions that tell the computer what to do.
System files
Allows our computer to work.
Trash
Place where you put files and folders that you want to delete or get rid of.
Volume Icons
Devices that hold files and folders.
Windows
1) The most widely used operating system for personal computers from Microsoft. (Software only. Other companies manufacture the hardware that runs the Windows Operating System.) Compare Macintosh. (Windows with a large "W".)
2) The thing you see on screen that contains a directory listing or the contents of a document. (Window with a small "w".)

COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY

2011-11-02T11:51:00.001+05:30

access time - The performance of a hard drive or other storage device - how long it takes to locate a file.
active program or window - The application or window at the front (foreground) on the monitor.
alert (alert box) - a message that appears on screen, usually to tell you something went wrong.
alias - an icon that points to a file, folder or application (System 7).
apple menu - on the left side of the screen header. System 6 = desk accessories System 7 = up to 50 items.
application - a program in which you do your work.
application menu - on the right side of the screen header. Lists running applications.
ASCII (pronounced ask-key ) - American Standard Code for Information Interchange. a commonly used data format for exchanging information between computers or programs.
background - part of the multitasking capability. A program can run and perform tasks in the background while another program is being used in the foreground.
bit - the smallest piece of information used by the computer. Derived from "binary digit". In computer language, either a one (1) or a zero (0).
backup - a copy of a file or disk you make for archiving purposes.
boot - to start up a computer.
bug - a programming error that causes a program to behave in an unexpected way.
bus - an electronic pathway through which data is transmitted between components in a computer.
byte - a piece of computer information made up of eight bits.
card - a printed circuit board that adds some feature to a computer.
cartridge drive - a storage device, like a hard drive, in which the medium is a cartridge that can be removed.
CD-ROM - an acronym for Compact Disc Read-Only Memory.
Chooser - A desk accessory used to select a printer, or other external device, or to log onto a network.
Clipboard - A portion of memory where the Mac temporarily stores information. Called a Copy Buffer in many PC applications because it is used to hold information which is to be moved, as in word processing where text is "cut" and then "pasted".
Clock Rate (MHz) - The instruction processing speed of a computer measured in millions of cycles per second (i.e., 200 MHz).
command - the act of giving an instruction to your Mac either by menu choice or keystroke.
command (apple) key - a modifier key, the Command key used in conjunction with another keystroke to active some function on the Mac.
compiler - a program the converts programming code into a form that can be used by a computer.
compression - a technique that reduces the size of a saved file by elimination or encoding redundancies (i.e., JPEG, MPEG, LZW, etc.)
control key - seldom used modifier key on the Mac.
control panel - a program that allows you to change settings in a program or change the way a Mac looks and/or behaves.
CPU - the Central Processing Unit. The processing chip that is the "brains" of a computer.
crash - a system malfunction in which the computer stops working and has to be restarted.
cursor - The pointer, usually arrow or cross shaped, which is controlled by the mouse.
daisy chaining - the act of stringing devices together in a series (such as SCSI).
database - an electronic list of information that can be sorted and/or searched.
data - (the plural of datum) information processed by a computer.
defragment - (also - optimize) to concatenate fragments of data into contiguous blocks in memory or on a hard drive.
desktop - 1. the finder. 2. the shaded or colored backdrop of the screen.
desktop file - an invisible file in which the Finder stores a database of information about files and icons.
dialog box - an on-screen message box that appears when the Mac requires additional information before completing a command.
digitize - to convert linear, or analog, data into digital data which can be used by the computer.
disk - a spinning platter made of magnetic or optically etched material on which data can be stored.
disk drive - the machinery that writes the data from a disk and/or writes data to a disk.
disk window - the window that displays the contents or directory of a disk.
document - a file you create, as opposed to the application which created it.
DOS - acronym for Disk Operating System - used in IBM PCs.
DPI - acronym for Dots Per Inch - a gauge of visual clarity on the printed page or on the computer screen.
download - to transfer data from one computer to another. (If you are on the receiving end, you are downloading. If you are on the sending end, you are uploading ).
drag - to move the mouse while its button is being depressed.
drag and drop - a feature on the Mac which allows one to drag the icon for a document on top of the icon for an application, thereby launching the application and opening the document.
driver - a file on a computer which tells it how to communicate with an add-on piece of equipment (like a printer).
Ethernet - a protocol for fast communication and file transfer across a network.
expansion slot - a connector inside the computer which allows one to plug in a printed circuit board that provides new or enhanced features.
extension - a startup program that runs when you start the Mac and then enhances its function.
fibre channel - as applied to data storage and network topology
file - the generic word for an application, document, control panel or other computer data.
finder - The cornerstone or home-base application in the Mac environment. The finder regulates the file management functions of the Mac (copying, renaming, deleting...)
floppy - a 3.5 inch square rigid disk which holds data. (so named for the earlier 5.25 and 8 inch disks that were flexible).
folder - an electronic subdirectory which contains files.
font - a typeface that contains the characters of an alphabet or some other letterforms.
footprint - The surface area of a desk or table which is occupied by a piece of equipment.
fragmentation - The breaking up of a file into many separate locations in memory or on a disk.
freeze - a system error which causes the cursor to lock in place.
get info - a Finder File menu command that presents an information window for a selected file icon.
gig - a gigabyte = 1024 megabytes.
hard drive - a large capacity storage device made of multiple disks housed in a rigid case.
head crash - a hard disk crash caused by the heads coming in contact with the spinning disk(s).
high density disk - a 1.4 MB floppy disk.
highlight - to select by clicking once on an icon or by highlighting text in a document.
icon - a graphic symbol for an application, file or folder.
initialize - to format a disk for use in the computer; creates a new directory and arranges the tracks for the recording of data.
insertion point - in word processing, the short flashing marker which indicates where your next typing will begin.
installer - software used to install a program on your hard drive.
interrupt button - a tool used by programmers to enter the debugging mode. The button is usually next to the reset button.
K - short for kilobyte.
keyboard shortcut - a combination of keystrokes that performs some function otherwise found in a pulldown menu.
kilobyte - 1024 bytes.
landscape - in printing from a computer, to print sideways on the page.
launch - start an application.
Measurements (summary) -
*a bit = one binary digit (1 or 0) *"bit" is derived from the contraction b'it (binary digit) -> 8 bits = one byte
*1024 bytes = one kilobyte
*K = kilobyte
*Kb = kilobit
*MB = megabyte
*Mb = megabit
*MB/s = megabytes per second
*Mb/s = megabits per second
*bps = bits per second
i.e., 155 Mb/s = 19.38 MB/s

MB - short for megabyte.
megabyte - 1024 kilobytes.
memory - the temporary holding area where data is stored while it is being used or changed; the amount of RAM a computer has installed.
menu - a list of program commands listed by topic.
menu bar - the horizontal bar across the top of the Mac¹s screen that lists the menus.
multi finder - a component of System 6 that allows the Mac to multi task.
multi tasking - running more than one application in memory at the same time.
nanosecond - one billionth of a second. ( or, the time between the theatrical release of a Dudley Moore film and the moment it begins to play on airplanes).
native mode - using the computers original operating system; most commonly used when talking about the PowerPC can run software written for either the 80x0 systems, or the PowerPC¹s RISC code.
NuBus - expansion slots on the Mac which accept intelligent, self-configuring boards. NuBus is a different bus achitecture than the newer PCI bus and the boards are not interchangable.
operating system - the system software that controls the computer.
optical disk - a high-capacity storage medium that is read by a laser light.
palette - a small floating window that contains tools used in a given application.
partition - a subdivision of a hard drives surface that is defined and used as a separate drive.
paste - to insert text, or other material, from the clipboard or copy buffer.
PC - acronym for personal computer, commonly used to refer to an IBM or IBM clone computer which uses DOS.
PCI - acronym for Peripheral Component Interchange - the newer, faster bus achitecture.
peripheral - an add-on component to your computer.
point - (1/72") 12 points = one pica in printing.
pop-up menu - any menu that does not appear at the top of the screen in the menu bar. (may pop up or down)
port - a connection socket, or jack on the Mac.
Power PC - a processing chip designed by Apple, IBM and Motorola (RISC based).
Power Mac - a family of Macs built around the PowerPC chip.
print spooler - a program that stores documents to be printed on the hard drive, thereby freeing the memory up and allowing other functions to be performed while printing goes on in the background.
QuickTime - the Apple system extension that gives one the ability to compress, edit and play animation, movies and sound on the Mac.
RAM - acronym for Random-Access Memory.
reset switch - a switch on the Mac that restarts the computer in the event of a crash or freeze.
resize box - the small square at the lower right corner of a window which, when dragged, resizes the window.
RISC - acronym for Reduced Instruction Set Computing; the smaller set of commands used by the PowerPC and Power Mac.
ROM - acronym for Read Only Memory; memory that can only be read from and not written to.
root directory - the main hard drive window.
save - to write a file onto a disk.
save as - (a File menu item) to save a previously saved file in a new location and/or with a new name.
scroll - to shift the contents of a window to bring hidden items into view.
scroll bar - a bar at the bottom or right side of a window that contains the scroll box and allows scrolling.
scroll box - the box in a scroll bar that is used to navigate through a window.
SCSI - acronym for Small Computer System Interface.
SCSI address - a number between zero and seven that must be unique to each device in a SCSI chain. Fast and Wide SCSI devices will allow up to 15 SCSI Ids (hexidecimal); however, the length restriction (3 meters) is such that it is virtually impossible to link 15 devices together.
SCSI port - a 25 pin connector on the back of a Mac (native SCSI port); used to connect SCSI devices to the CPU. Some SCSI cards (like the ATTO) have a 68 pin connector.
SCSI terminator - a device placed at the end of a SCSI chain to complete the circuit. (some SCSI devices are self-terminating, or have active termination and do not require this plug).
serial port - a port that allows data to be transmitted in a series (one after the other), such as the printer and modem ports on a Mac.
server - a central computer dedicated to sending and receiving data from other computers (on a network).
shut down - the command from the Special menu that shuts down the Mac safely.
software - files on disk that contain instructions for a computer.
spreadsheet - a program designed to look like an electronic ledger.
start up disk - the disk containing system software and is designated to be used to start the computer.
surge suppressor - a power strip that has circuits designed to reduce the effects of surge in electrical power. (not the same as a UPS)
System file - a file in the System folder that allows your Mac to start and run.
System folder - an all-important folder that contains at least the System file and the Finder.
32 bit addressing - a feature that allows the Mac to recognize and use more than 8MB of memory.
title bar - the horizontal bar at the top of a window which has the name of the file or folder it represents.
upload - to send a file from one computer to another through a network.
Uninterruptible Power Source (UPS)- a constantly charging battery pack which powers the computer. A UPS should have enough charge to power your computer for several minutes in the event of a total power failure, giving you time to save your work and safely shut down.
UPS - acronym for Uninterruptible Power Source.
vaporware - "software" advertised, and sometimes sold, that does not yet exist in a releasable for.
virtual memory - using part of your hard drive as though it were "RAM".
WORM - acronym for Write Once-Read Many; an optical disk that can only be written to once (like a CD-ROM).
zoom box - a small square in the upper right corner of a window which, when clicked, will expand the window to fill the whole screen.

INTERNET

2011-11-02T11:36:00.000+05:30

The concept of data communication - transmitting data between two different places, connected via some kind of electromagnetic medium, such as radio or an electrical wire - actually predates the introduction of the first computers. Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices. Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication. The earlier computers used the technology available at the time to allow communication between the central processing unit and remote terminals. As the technology evolved new systems were devised to allow communication over longer distances (for terminals) or with higher speed (for interconnection of local devices) that were necessary for the mainframe computer model. Using these technologies it was possible to exchange data (such as files) between remote computers. However, the point to point communication model was limited, as it did not allow for direct communication between any two arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary. The technology was also deemed as inherently unsafe for strategic and military use, because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack.
As a response, several research programs started to explore and articulate principles of communications between physically separate systems, leading to the development of the packet switching model of digital networking. These research efforts included those of the laboratories of Vinton G. Cerf at Stanford University, Donald Davies (NPL), Paul Baran (RAND Corporation), and Leonard Kleinrock at MIT and at UCLA. The research led to the development of several packet-switched networking solutions in the late 1960s and 1970s, including ARPANET, Telenet, and the X.25 protocols. Additionally, public access and hobbyist networking systems grew in popularity, including unix-to-unix copy (UUCP) and FidoNet. They were however still disjointed separate networks, served only by limited gateways between networks. This led to the application of packet switching to develop a protocol for internetworking, where multiple different networks could be joined together into a super-framework of networks. By defining a simple common network system, the Internet Protocol Suite, the concept of the network could be separated from its physical implementation. This spread of internetworking began to form into the idea of a global network that would be called the Internet, based on standardized protocols officially implemented in 1982. Adoption and interconnection occurred quickly across the advanced telecommunication networks of the western world, and then began to penetrate into the rest of the world as it became the de-facto international standard for the global network. However, the disparity of growth between advanced nations and the third-world countries led to a digital divide that is still a concern today.
Following commercialization and introduction of privately run Internet service providers in the 1980s, and the Internet's expansion for popular use in the 1990s, the Internet has had a drastic impact on culture and commerce. This includes the rise of near instant communication by electronic mail (e-mail), text based discussion forums, and the World Wide Web. Investor speculation in new markets provided by these innovations would also lead to the inflation and subsequent collapse of the Dot-com bubble. But despite this, the Internet continues to grow, driven by commerce, greater amounts of online information and knowledge and social networking known as Web 2.0.

General Search Engines
Alexa Web Search: analyzes site traffic including ranking, global users, pages linking to the site, and links to related pages of interest
AllTheWeb : returns results quickly from a database gathered by the Yahoo! crawler; offers multimedia and news searches; has a good advanced search interface
AltaVista : searches Web sites with advanced Boolean and field search options. See also Babel Fish, the AltaVista translation service.
Ask.com : general search engine enhanced by a number of specialty searches including a dictionary, thesaurus, currency converter, encyclopedia, maps, news and more
Bing : Microsoft engine that displays excerpts from sites retrieved by your search and offers related search suggestions; multimedia and other deep Web results are also displayed. Bing focuses on searches related to making a purchase decision, planning a trip, researching a health condition, and finding a local business. Also check out Bing Maps Beta.
ChaCha : search engine that offers live human guides to help answer queries; focuses on questions from mobile devices
Exalead : offers concept clustering of results, thumbnail images of retrieved sites, and customization options such as organization of results by file type, geography or modification date
Factbites : searches for full topic matches and returns meaningful, full sentence excerpts of sites in its results list
Google : Web's most popular search engine that retrieves results in real time as you type your search. Also check out Eco Smart Search.com, a Google-powered search engine with a black background display that saves energy.
Hakia : organizes results into types of information sources, including "credible " sites recommended by librarians
iSEEK Education : offers authoritative resources from university, government, and established noncommercial providers; organizes results into concept clusters, and also allows users to recommend and rate sites
Lycos : general search engine that also offers searches of a few deep Web content sources including people look-up, yellow pages, and multimedia
Quintura : displays a type of tag cloud with keywords related to your search that can be selected to generate new results
Search Edu.com : service that limits results to the .edu, domain; also offers to search well-known dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, etc.
Snappy Fingers : searches millions of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for answers to user queries
Sproose : searches Yahoo! and allows users to comment on and vote on its search results
Webbrain : offers results in visual layout of related terms for subsequent searching
Wolfram Alpha : enter a question or calculation, and Wolfram Alpha uses its built-in algorithms and own collection of data to compute the answer
Yahoo : portal with a general Web search and many other content services.

Computer Virus

2011-11-02T11:31:00.003+05:30

A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.
Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.
As stated above, the term "computer virus" is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware, even those that do not have the reproductive ability. Malware includes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware, dishonest adware and other malicious and unwanted software, including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself automatically to other computers through networks, while a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but hides malicious functions. Worms and Trojan horses, like viruses, may harm a computer system's data or performance. Some viruses and other malware have symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious or simply do nothing to call attention to themselves. Some viruses do nothing beyond reproducing themselves.
Recovery methods:
Once a computer has been compromised by a virus, it is usually unsafe to continue using the same computer without completely reinstalling the operating system. However, there are a number of recovery options that exist after a computer has a virus. These actions depend on severity of the type of virus.

MICROSOFT OFFICE

2011-11-02T11:31:00.000+05:30

Microsoft Office is an office suite of inter-related desktop applications, servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating systems, introduced by Microsoft in 1989. Initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first version of Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Additionally, a "Pro" (Professional) version of Office included Microsoft Access and Schedule Plus. Over the years, Office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, OLE data integration and Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications scripting language. Microsoft also positions Office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the Office Business Applications (OBA) brand.
The current versions are Office 2010 for Windows which was released on June 15, 2010, and Office 2011 for Mac OS X, released October 26, 2010. Office 2007 and 2008 introduced a new user interface and new Office Open XML document formats (docx, xlsx, pptx). Consequently, Microsoft has made available, free of charge, an add-on known as the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack to allow Office 2000-2003 for Windows and Office 2004 for Mac editions to open, edit, and save documents created under the new formats for Office 2007.

Applications
Microsoft Word:
Microsoft Word is a word processor and was previously considered to be the main program in Office. Its proprietary DOC format is considered a de facto standard, although Word 2007 can also use a new XML-based, Microsoft Office-optimized format called .DOCX which has been standardized by Ecma International as Office Open XML and its SP2 update will support ODF and PDF. Word is also available in some editions of Microsoft Works. It is available for the Windows and Mac platforms. The first version of Word, released in the autumn of 1983, was for the MS-DOS operating system and had the distinction of introducing the mouse to a broad population. Word 1.0 could be purchased with a bundled mouse, though none was required. Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Macintosh attempted to add closer WYSIWYG features into its package. Word for Mac was released in 1985. Word for Mac was the first graphical version of Microsoft Word. Despite its bugginess, It became one of the most popular Mac applications.
Microsoft Excel:
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program which originally competed with the dominant Lotus 1-2-3, but eventually outsold it. It is available for the Windows and Mac platforms. Microsoft released the first version of Excel for the Mac in 1985, and the first Windows version (numbered 2.05 to line up with the Mac and bundled with a standalone Windows run-time environment) in November 1987.
Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Entourage:
Microsoft Outlook (not to be confused with Outlook Express) is a personal information manager and e-mail communication software. The replacement for Windows Messaging, Microsoft Mail and Schedule+ starting in Office 97, it includes an e-mail client, calendar, task manager and address book. Office Although historically it has been offered for the Mac, the closest to an equivalent for Mac OS X is Microsoft Entourage, which offers a slightly different feature set. Office 2011 for Mac will reintroduce Outlook, replacing Entourage.
Microsoft PowerPoint:
Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular presentation program for Windows and Mac. It is used to create slideshows, composed of text, graphics, movies and other objects, which can be displayed on-screen and navigated through by the presenter or printed out on transparencies or slides. This is convenient for school or work presentations. Office Mobile for Windows Mobile 5.0 and later features a version of PowerPoint called PowerPoint Mobile. Movies, videos, sounds and music, as well as Wordart and Autoshapes can be added to slideshows.
Microsoft Publisher:
Microsoft Publisher is a program mostly used for designing brochures, labels, calendars, greeting cards, business cards, newsletters, and postcards.

History of Microsoft Windows

2011-11-02T11:29:00.000+05:30

Microsoft began to develop the Windows graphical user interface program in 1983. The goal was to provide a more user-friendly program that worked within the MS-DOS operating system on IBM PCs. Over the course of time, a number of further developments came with each successive generation. By the early 21st century, Microsoft Windows became the most popular operating system in the world.
Version 1.0:
On November 20, 1985 the first version of Microsoft Windows was released. It worked as an operating environment within MS-DOS and featured a number of programs including a word processor, calendar and painting option.
Version 3.0:
Although a number of changes and modifications occurred in the interim, the next major success for Microsoft Windows was version 3.0, released in 1990. It offered increased virtual memory, which allowed users to multitask much easier.
Windows 95:
Windows 95 was released in 1995 by Microsoft in an effort to integrate new 32-bit programming capabilities. This version was the first to include Internet Explorer, the company's preferred Internet access program.
Windows 2000:
In 2000, Microsoft released its next Windows operating system. This version improved on the device manager program, Windows Media Player and DirectX. It was able to work on both servers and standard workstations.
Windows XP:
The following year, Windows XP was released. This version was troubled from the start with security problems, leading to a number of modifications that had to be sent out over the Internet or with specialized disks.
Windows Vista:
Windows Vista became the next generation operating system in 2007. Microsoft launched a number of different versions, each with its own features. The overall goal of the system was to offer better security as well as improved graphics.
Windows 7:
Windows 7 is the latest release of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 R2, was released at the same time.
Unlike its predecessor, Windows Vista, which introduced a large number of new features, Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line, with the goal of being compatible with applications and hardware which Windows Vista was not at the time. Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, a redesigned Windows shell with a new taskbar, referred to as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7; most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Live Essentials suite.

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE

2011-11-02T11:23:00.000+05:30

Generation of Computers
It is important to realize that major changes and trends in computer systems have occurred during the major stages-or generations-of computing, and will continue into the future. The first generation of computers developed in the early 1950s, the second generation blossomed during the late 1960s, the third generation took computing into the 1970s, and the fourth generation has been the computer technology of the 1980s and 1990s. A fifth generation of computers that accelerates the trends of the previous generations is expected to evolve as we enter the 21st century. Notice that computers continue to become smaller, faster, more reliable, less costly to purchase and maintain, and more interconnected within computer networks.
First-generation computing involved massive computers using hundreds or thousands of vacuum tubes for their processing and memory circuitry. These large computers generated enormous amounts of heat; their vacuum tubes had to be replaced frequently. Thus, they had large electrical power, air conditioning, and maintenance requirements. First-generation computers had main memories of only a few thousand characters and millisecond processing speeds. They used magnetic drums or tape for secondary storage and punched cards or paper tape as input and output media.
Second-generation computing used transistors and other solid-state, semiconductor devices that were wired to circuit boards in the computers. Transistorized circuits were much smaller and much more reliable, generated little heat, were less expensive, and required less power than vacuum tubes. Tiny magnetic cores were used for the computer’s memory, or internal storage. Many second-generation computers had main memory capacities of less than 100 kilobytes and microsecond processing, speeds. Removable magnetic disk packs were introduced, and magnetic tape merged as the major input, output, and secondary storage medium for large computer installations.
Third-generation computing saw the development of computers that used integrated circuits, in which thousands of transistors and other circuit elements are etched on tiny chips of silicon. Main memory capacities increased to several megabytes and processing speeds jumped to millions of instructions per second (MIPS) as telecommunications capabilities became common. This made it possible for operating system programs to come into widespread use that automated and supervised the activities of many types of peripheral devices and processing by mainframe computers of several programs at the same time, frequently involving networks of users at remote terminals. Integrated circuit technology also made possible the development and widespread use of small computers called minicomputers in the third computer generation.
Fourth-generation computing relies on the use of LSI (large-scale integration) and VLSI (very-large-scale integration) technologies that cram hundreds of thousands or millions of transistors and other circuit elements on each chip. This enabled the development of microprocessors, in which all of the circuits of a CPU are contained on a single chip with processing speeds of millions of instructions per second. Main memory capacities ranging from a few megabytes to several gigabytes can also be achieved by memory chips that replaced magnetic core memories. Microcomputers, which use microprocessor CPUs and a variety of peripheral devices and easy-to-use software packages to form small personal computer (PC), systems or client/server networks of linked PCs and servers, are a hallmark of the fourth generation of computing, which accelerated the downsizing of computing systems.
Whether we are moving into a fifth generation of computing is a subject of debated since the concept of generations may no longer fit the continual, rapid changes occurring in computer hardware, software, data, and networking technologies. But in any case, we can be sure that progress in computing will continue to accelerate, and that the development of Internet-based technologies and applications will be one of the major forces driving computing into the 21st century.

Computer System Concepts and Components

The Computer System Concept:
A computer is more than a high-powered collection of electronic devices performing a variety of information processing chores. A computer is a system, an interrelated combination of components that performs the basic system functions of input, processing, output, storage, and control, thus providing end users with a powerful information processing tool. Understanding the computer as a computer system is vital to the effective use and management of computers.
A computer is system of hardware devices organized according to the following system functions.
Input:
The input devices of a computer system include keyboards, touch screens, pens, electronic mice, optical scanners, and so on.
Processing:
The central processing unit( CPU) is the main processing component of a computer system. (In microcomputers, it is the main microprocessor.) In particular, the electronic circuits of the arithmetic-logic unit one of the CPU’s major components, perform the arithmetic and logic functions required in computer processing.
Output:
The output devices of a computer system include video display units, printers, audio response units , and so on, They convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human intelligible form for presentation to end users.
Storage:
The storage function of a computer system takes place in the storage circuits of the computer’s primary storage unit, or memory, and in secondary storage devices such as magnetic disk and tape units. These devices store data and program instructions needed for processing.
Control:
The control unit of the CPU is the control component of a computer system. Its circuits interpret computer program instructions and transmit directions to the other components of the computer system.
Central Processing Unit:
The central processing unit is the most important hardware component of a computer system. It is also known as the CPU, the central processor or instruction processor, and the main microprocessor in a microcomputer. Conceptually, the circuitry of a CPU can be subdivided into two major subunits the arithmetic-logic unit and the control unit. The CPU also includes circuitry for devices such as registers and cache memory for high speed, temporary storage of instruction operations, input/output, and telecommunications support.
The control unit obtains instructions from software segments stored in the primary storage unit and interprets them. Then it transmits electronic signals to the other components of the computer system to perform required operations. The arithmetic-logic unit performs required arithmetic and comparison operations .A computer can make logical changes from one set of program instructions to another (e.g, overtime pay versus regular pay calculations) based on the results of comparisons made in the ALU during processing.
Main Memory and Primary Storage Unit:
A computer’s primary storage unit is commonly called main memory, and holds data and program instructions between processing steps and supplies them to the control unit and arithmetic-logic unit during processing. Most of a computer’s memory consists of microelectronic semiconductor memory chips known as RAM (random access memory ). The contents of these memory chips can be instantly changed to store new data. Other, more permanent memory chips called ROM (read only memory) may also be used.
Secondary storage devices like magnetic disks and optical disks are used to store data and programs and thus greatly enlarge the storage capacities of computer system. Also, since memory circuits typically lose their contents when electric power is turned off, most secondary storage media provide a more permanent type of storage. However the contents of hard disk drives floppy disks, CD-ROM disks, and other secondary storage media cannot be processed without first being brought into memory. Thus secondary storage devices play a supporting role to the primary storage of a computer system.
Multiple Processors:
Many current computers, from microcomputers to large mainframes, use multiple processors for their processing functions. Instead of having one CPU with a single control unit and arithmetic-logic unit, the CPUs of these computers contain several type of processing units. Let’s briefly look at the major types of such multiprocessor designs.
A support processor design relies on specialized microprocessors to help the main CPU perform a variety of functions. These microprocessors may used for input/output, memory management, arithmetic computations, multimedia processing, and telecommunications, thus freeing the main processor to do the primary job of executing program instructions For example, many microcomputers rely on support microprocessors such as arithmetic co-processing load on their main microprocessors. A large computer may use support microprocessors called channels to control the movement of data between the CPU and input/output devices. Advanced microprocessor designs integrate the functions of several support processors on a single main microprocessor.
A coupled processor design uses multiple CPUs or main microprocessors to do multiprocessing, that is, executing more than one instruction at the same time. Some configurations provide a fault-tolerant capability in which multiple CPUs provide a built-in backup to each other should one of them fail.
A parallel processor design uses a group of instruction processors to execute several program instructions at the same time. Some times, hundreds or thousands of processors are organized in clusters or networks in massively parallel processing (MPP) computers. Other parallel processor designs are based on simple models of the human brain called neural networks. All of these systems can execute many instructions at a time in parallel. This is a major departure from the traditional design of current computers, called the Von Neuman design, which executes instructions serially (one at a time). Though difficult to program, many experts consider parallel processor systems the key to providing advanced capabilities to future generations of computers.
RISC Processors:
Many advanced technical workstations and other computers rely on a processor design called RISC (reduced instruction set computer). This contrasts with most current computers that use CISC (complex instruction set computer) processors. RISC processor designs optimize a CPU’s processing speed by using a smaller instruction set. That is, they use a smaller number of the basic machine instruction that a processor is capable of executing. By keeping the instruction set simpler than CISC processors and using more complex software, a RISC processor can reduce the time needed to execute program instructions.
Computer Processing Speeds:
Computer operating speeds that were formerly measured in milliseconds (thousands of a second) and microseconds (millionths of a second) are now in the nanosecond (billionth of a second) range, with picosecond (trillionth of a second) speed being attained by some computers. Such speeds seem almost incomprehensible. For example, an average person taking one step each nanosecond would circle the earth above 20 times in one second. Many microcomputers and midrange computers, and most mainframe computers, operate in the nanosecond range, and can thus process program instructions at million instructions per second (MIPS) speeds. Another measure of processing speed is megahertz (MHs), or millions of cycles per second. It is commonly called the clock speed of a microprocessor, sine it is used to rate microprocessors by the speed of their timing circuits or internal clock.
However, megahertz, ratings can be misleading indicators of the effective processing speed of microprocessors as measured in MIPS and other measures. That’s because processing speed depends on a variety of factors besides a microprocessor’s clock speed. Important examples include the size of circuitry paths, or busses, that interconnect microprocessor components, the capacity of instruction processing registers, the use of high-speed memory caches, and the use of specialized microprocessors such as a math co-processor to do arithmetic calculations faster. For example, Intel’s Pentium microprocessor runs at 66 to 200 MHz and is rated at over 100 MIPS, which the Pentium Pro microprocessor has a top processing rating of over 200 MIPS at similar megahertz speeds.

Computer Storage Fundementals and Devices

Data and information must be stored until needed using a variety of storage methods. There are many types of storage media and devices.
Computer Storage Fundamentals:
Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or absence of electronic or magnetic signals in the computer’s circuitry or in the media it uses. This is called a “two-state” or binary representation of data, since the computer and the media can exhibit only two possible states or conditions. For example, transistors other semiconductor circuits are either in a conducting or nonconducting state. Media such as magnetic disks and tapes indicate these two states by having magnetized spots whose magnetic fields have one of two different directions, or polarities. This binary characteristic of computer circuitry and media is what makes the binary number system the basis for representing data in computers. Thus, for electronic circuits, the conducting (ON) state represents the number one, while the nonconducting (OFF) state represents the number zero. For magnetic media, the magnetic field of a magnetized sport in one direction represents a one, while magnetism in the other direction represents a zero.
The smallest element of data is called a bit, which can have a value of either zero or one. The capacity of memory chips is usually expressed in terms of bits. A byte is a basic grouping of bits that the computer operates as a single unit. Typically, it consists of eight bits and represents one character of data in most computer coding schemes. Thus, the capacity of a computer’s memory and secondary storage device is usually expressed in terms of bytes. Computer codes such as ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) use various arrangements of bits to form bytes that represent the numbers zero through nine, the letters of the alphabets, and many other characters.
Storage capacities are frequently measured in kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB). Although kilo means 1,000 in the metric system, the computer industry uses K to represents 1,024 or (210) storage positions. Therefore, a capacity of 10 megabytes, for example, is really 10,485,760 storage positions, rather than 10 million positions. However, such differences are frequently disregarded in order to simplify descriptions of storage capacity. Thus, a megabyte is roughly 1 million bytes of storage, while a gigabyte is roughly 1 billion bytes and a terabyte represents about 1 trillion bytes.
Direct and Sequential Access:
Primary storage media such as semiconductor memory chips are called direct access or random access memories (RAM). Magnetic disk devices are frequently called direct access storage devices (DASDs). On the other hand, media such as magnetic tapes are known as sequential access devices.
The term direct access and random access describe the same concept. They mean that an element of data or instructions (such as a byte or word) can be directly stored and retrieved by selecting and using any of the locations on the storage media. They also mean that each storage position (1) has a unique address and (2) can be individually accessed in approximately the same length of time without having to search through other storage positions. For example, each memory cell on a microelectronic semiconductor RAM chip can be individually sensed or changed in the same length of time. Also any data record stored on a magnetic or optical disk can be accessed directly in approximately the same time period.
Sequential access storage media such as magnetic tape do not have unique storage addresses that can be directly addressed. Instead, data must be stored and retrieved using a sequential or serial process. Data are recorded one after another in a predetermined sequence (such as in numeric order) on a storage medium. Locating an individual item of data requires searching much of the recorded data on the tape until the desired item is located.
Semiconductor Memory:
The primary storage (main memory) of your computer consists of microelectronic semiconductor memory chips. Memory chips with capacities of 4 million bits (4 megabits) and 16 megabytes or more of memory chips can be added to your PC to increase its memory capacity. Specialized memory can help improve your computer’s performance. Examples include external cache memory of 256 or 512 kilobytes to help your microprocessor work faster, or a video graphics accelerator card with 2 megabytes or more of RAM for faster and clearer video performance. Removable credit-card-size and smaller “flash memory” RAM cards can also provide several megabytes of erasable direct access storage for PDAs or handheld PCs.
Some of the major attractions of semiconductor memory are its small size, great speed, and shock and temperature resistance. One major disadvantage of most semiconductor memory is its volatility. Uninterrupted electric power must be supplied or the contents of memory will be lost. Therefore, emergency transfer to other devices or standby electrical power (through battery packs or emergency generators) is required if data are to be saved. Another alternative is to permanently “burn in” the contents of semiconductor devices so that they cannot be erased by a loss of power.
Thus, there are two basic types of semiconductor memory: random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM).
RAM:
random access memory. These memory chips are the most widely used primary storage medium. Each memory position can be both sensed (read) and changed (written), so it is also called read/write memory. This is a volatile memory.
ROM:
read only memory. Nonvolatile random access memory chips are used for permanent storage. ROM can be read but not erased or overwritten.
Frequently used control instructions in the control unit and programs in primary storage (such as parts of the operating system) can be permanently burned in to the storage cells during manufacture. This is sometimes called firmware. Variations include PROM (programmable read only memory) and EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory) that can be permanently or temporarily programmed after manufacture.
Magnetic Disk Storage:
Magnetic disks are the most common form of secondary storage for your computer system. That’s because they provide fast access and high storage capacities at a reasonable cost. Magnetic disk drives contain metal disks that are coated on both sides with an iron oxide recording material. Several disks are mounted together on a vertical shaft, which typically rotates the disks at speeds of 3,600 to 7,600 revolutions per minute (rpm). Electromagnetic read/write heads are positioned by access arms between the slightly separated disks to read and write data on concentric, circular tracks. Data are recorded on tracks in the form of tiny magnetized spots to form the binary digits of common computer codes. Thousands of bytes can be recorded on each tracks, and there are several hundred data tracks on each disk surface, thus providing you with billions of storage positions for your software and data.
Types of Magnetic Disks:
There are several types of magnetic disk arrangements, including removable disk cartridges as well as fixed disk units. Removable disk devices are popular because they are transportable and can be used to store backup copies of your data offline for convenience and security.
Floppy disks or magnetic diskettes, consist of polyester film disks covered with an iron oxide compound. A single disk is mounted and rotates freely inside a protective flexible or hard plastic jacket, which has access openings to accommodate the read/write head of a disk drive unit. The 31/2 inch floppy disk, with capacities of 1.44 megabytes, is the most widely used version, with a newer LS-120 technology offering 120 megabytes of storage.
Hard disk drives combine magnetic disks, access arms, and read/write heads into a sealed module. This allows higher speeds, greater data-recording densities, and closer tolerances within a sealed, more stable environment. Fixed or removable disk cartridge versions are available. Capacities of hard drives range from several hundred megabytes to gigabytes of storage.
RAID:
Disk arrays of interconnected microcomputer hard disk drives have replaced large-capacity mainframe disk drives to provide many gigabytes of online storage. Known as RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks), they combine from 6 to more than 100 small hard disk drives and their control microprocessors into a single unit. RAID units provide large capacities with high access speeds since data are accessed in parallel over multiple paths from many disks. RAID units also provide a fault tolerant capability, since their redundant design offers multiple copies of data on several disks. If one disk fails, data can be recovered from backup copies automatically stored on other disks.
Magnetic Tape Storage:
Magnetic tape is still being used as a secondary storage medium in business applications. They read/write heads of magnetic tape drives record data in the form of magnetized spots on the iron oxide coating of the plastic tape. Magnetic tape devices include tape reels and cartridges in mainframes and midrange systems, and small cassettes or cartridges for PCs. Magnetic tape cartridges have replaced tape reels in many applications, and can hold over 200 megabytes.
One growing business application of magnetic tape involves the use of 36-track magnetic tape cartridges in robotic automated drive assemblies that can hold hundreds of cartridges. These devices serve as slower, but lower cost, storage to supplement magnetic disks to meet massive data warehouse and other business storage requirements. Other major applications for magnetic tape includes long-term archival storage and backup storage for PCs and other systems.
Optical Disk Storage:
Optical disks are a fast-growing storage medium. The version for use with micro computers is called CD-ROM (compact disk- read only memory). CD-ROM technology use 12-centimeter (4.7 inch) compact disks (CDs) similar to those used in stereo music systems. Each disk can store more than 600 megabytes. That’s the equivalent of over 400 1.44 megabyte floppy disks or more than 300,000 double-spaced pages of text. A laser records data by burning permanent microscopic pits in a spiral track on a master disk from which compact disks can be mass produced. Then CD-ROM disk drives use a laser device to read the binary codes formed by those pits.
CD-R (compact disk – record able) is another optical disk technology. It enables computers with CD-R disk drive units to record their own data once on a CD, then be able to read the data indefinitely. The major limitation of CD-ROM and CD-R disks is that recorded data cannot be erased. However, CD-RW
(CD-rewritable) optical disk systems have now become available which record and erase data by using a laser to heat a microscopic point on the disk’s surface. In CD-RW versions using magneto optical technology, a magnetic coil changes the spot’s reflective properties from one direction to another, thus recording a binary one or zero. A laser device can then read the binary codes on the disk by sensing the direction of reflected light.
Optical disk capacities and capabilities have increased dramatically with the emergence of an optical disk technology called DVD (digital video disk or digital versatile disk), which can hold from 4.0 to 8.5 gigabytes of multimedia data on each side of a compact disk. The large capacities and high quality images and sound of DVD technology are expected to eventually replace CD-ROM and CD-RW technologies for data storage, and promise to accelerate the sue of DVD drives for multimedia products that can be used in both computers and home entertainment systems.
Blu-Ray and HD-DVD are two new optical storage technologies that fight as the successor of DVD. Both HD-DVD and Blu-ray are high-definition optical disc formats, incompatible with each other. They were meant to replace the existing DVD format, which was and still is used by a large user community. HD-DVDs and Blu-ray discs are similar in terms of the higher storage capacities and a superior picture quality offered by them. Their storage capacities are higher than those of CDs and DVDs. However, a single layer HD-DVD can store 15 GB data whereas a single-layer Blu-ray disc stores 25 GB data.

Major Types of Computer Systems

Microcomputer Systems:
Microcomputers are the most important category of computer systems for end users. Though usually called a personal computer, or PC, a microcomputer is much more than a small computer for use by an individual. The computing power of microcomputers now exceeds that of the mainframes of previous computer generations at a fraction of their cost. Thus, they have become powerful networked professional work stations for end users in business.
Microcomputers come in a variety of sizes and shapes for a variety of purposes. For example, PCs are available as handhled, notebook, laptop, portable, desktop, and floor-standing models. Based on their use, they include home, personal, professional, workstation, and multi-user systems. Most microcomputers are desktops designed to fit on an office desk, or notebooks for those who want a small, portable PC for their work activities.
Some microcomputers are powerful workstation computers (technical work-stations) that support applications with heavy mathematical computing and graphics display demands such as computer-aided design (CAD) in engineering, or investment and portfolio analysis in the securities industry. Other microcomputers are used as network servers. They are usually more powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small local area networks (LANs), and Internet and intranet Web sites. Another important microcomputer category includes handheld microcomputer devices known as personal digital assistants (PDAs), designed for convenient mobile communications and computing. PDAs use touch-screens, pen-based handwriting recognition of keyboards to help mobile workers send and receive E-mail and exchange information such as appointments, to do lists, and scales contacts with their desktop PCs or Web servers.
Multimedia Computer Systems:
Multimedia PCs are designed to present you with information in a variety of media, including text and graphics displays, voice and other digitized audio, photographs, animation, and video clips. Mention multimedia, and many people think of computer video games, multimedia encyclopedias, educational videos, and multimedia home pages on the World Wide Web. However, multimedia systems are widely used in business for training employees, educating customers, making sales presentations, and adding impact to other business presentations.
The basic hardware and software requirements of a multimedia computer system depend on whether you wish to create as well as enjoy multimedia presentations. Owners of low-cost multimedia PCs marketed for home used do not need authoring software or high-powered hardware capacities in order to enjoy multimedia games and other entertainment and educational multimedia products. These computers come equipped with a CD-ROM drive, stereo speakers, additional memory, a high-performance processor, and other multimedia processing capabilities.
People who want to create their own multimedia production may have to spend several thousand dollars to put together a high-performance multimedia authoring system. This includes a high-resolution color graphics monitor, sound and video capture boards, a high-performance microprocessor with multimedia capabilities, additional megabytes of memory, and several gigabytes of hard disk capacity. Sound cards and video capture boards are circuit boards that contain digital signal processors (DSPs) and additional megabytes of memory for digital processing of sound and video. A digital camera, digital video camcorder, optical scanner, and software such as authoring tools and programs for image editing and graphics creation can add several thousand dollars to the star-up costs of a multimedia authoring system.
Midrange Computer Systems:
Midrange Computers, including minicomputers and high-end network servers, are multi-user systems that can manage network of PCs and terminals. Though not as powerful as mainframe computers, they are less costly to buy, operate, and maintain than mainframe systems, and thus meet the computing needs of many organizations.
Midrange computers first became popular as minicomputers for scientific research, instrumentation systems, and industrial process monitoring and control. Minicomputers could easily handle such uses because these applications are narrow in scope and do not demand the processing versatility of mainframe systems. Thus, midrange computers serve as industrial process-control and manufacturing plant computers, and they still play a major role in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). They can also take the form of powerful technical workstations for computer-aided design (CAD) and other computation and graphics-intensive applications. Midrange computers are also used as front-end computers to assist mainframe computers in telecommunication processing and network management.
Midrange computers have become popular as powerful network servers to help manage large Internet Web sites, corporate intranets and extranets, and client/server networks. Electronic commerce and other business uses of the Internet are popular high-end server applications, as are integrated enterprise wide manufacturing, distribution and financial applications. Other applications, like data warehouse management, data mining, and online analytical processing.
Mainframe Computer Systems:
Mainframe computes are large, fast, and powerful computer systems. For example, mainframes can process hundreds of million instructions per second (MIPS). Mainframes also have large primary storage capacities. Their main memory capacity can range from hundreds of megabytes to many gigabytes of primary storage. And mainframes have slimmed down drastically in the last few years, dramatically reducing their air-conditioning needs, electrical power consumption, and floor space requirements, and thus their acquisition and operating costs. Most of these improvements are the result of a move from water-cooled mainframes to a new CMOS air-cooled technology for mainframe systems.
Thus, mainframe computers continue to handle the information processing needs of major corporations and government agencies with many employees and customers or with complex computational problems. For example, major international banks, airlines, oil companies, and other large corporations process millions of sales transactions and customer inquiries each day with the help of large mainframe systems. Mainframes are still used for computation-intensive applications such as analyzing seismic data from oil field explorations or simulating flight conditions in designing aircraft. Mainframes are also widely used as super server for the large client/server network and high-volume Internet Web sites of large companies.
Supercomputer Systems:
The term supercomputer describes a category of extremely powerful computer systems specifically designed for scientific ,engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations. The market for supercomputers includes government research agencies, large universities, and major corporations. They use supercomputers for applications such as global weather forecasting, military defense systems, computational cosmology and astronomy, microprocessor research and design, large-scale data mining and so on.
Supercomputers use parallel processing architectures of interconnected microprocessors (which can execute many instructions at the same time in parallel). They can perform arithmetic calculations at speeds of billions of floating-point operations per second (gigaflops). Teraflop (1 trillion floating-point operations per second) supercomputers, which use advanced massively parallel processing (MPP) designs of thousands of interconnected microprocessors, are becoming available. Purchase prices for large supercomputers are in the $5 million to $50 million range.
However, the use of symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and distributed shared memory (DSM) designs of smaller numbers of interconnected microprocessors has spawned a breed of minisuper computers with prices that start in the hundreds of thousands of dollars.